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{{Infobox figure skater
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{{commons category|Municipal wireless networks}}
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|name= Irina Rodnina
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'''Municipal wireless network''' ('''Municipal Wi-Fi''', '''Muni Wi-Fi''' or '''Muni-Fi''') is a citywide [[wireless network]]. This is usually done by providing [[municipal broadband]] via [[Wi-Fi]] to large parts or all of a municipal area by deploying a [[wireless mesh network]]. The typical deployment design uses hundreds of [[wireless access point]]s deployed outdoors, often on poles. The operator of the network acts as a [[wireless internet service provider]].
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|image= Irina Rodnina cropped.jpg
 
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|caption= Irina Rodnina in 2010
 
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|fullname= Irina Konstantinovna Rodnina
 
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|country= [[Soviet Union]]
 
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|formercountry=
 
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|birth_date= {{Birth date and age|1949|9|12|df=yes}}
 
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|birth_place= [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]]
 
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|hometown=
 
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|residence=
 
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|death_date=
 
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|death_place=
 
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|height= 5' (152 cm)<ref name=sporef/>
 
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|partner=
 
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|formerpartner= [[Alexei Ulanov]]<br />[[Alexander Zaitsev (figure skater)|Alexander Zaitsev]]
 
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|coach=
 
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|formercoach= [[Tatiana Tarasova]]<br />[[Stanislav Zhuk]]
 
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|choreographer=
 
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|formerchoreographer=
 
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|skating club= Armed Forces sports society
 
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|retired= 1980
 
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|show-medals=yes
 
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|medaltemplates= <!-- see [[Template:MedalRelatedTemplates]] -->
 
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{{MedalCountry|{{URS}}}}
 
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{{MedalSport|Pairs' [[Figure skating]]}}
 
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{{MedalCompetition|[[Olympic Games]]}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1980 Winter Olympics|1980 Lake Placid]] | [[Figure skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics|Pairs]]}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1976 Winter Olympics|1976 Innsbruck]] | [[Figure skating at the 1976 Winter Olympics|Pairs]]}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1972 Winter Olympics|1972 Sapporo]] | [[Figure skating at the 1972 Winter Olympics|Pairs]]}}
 
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{{MedalCompetition|[[World Figure Skating Championships|World Championships]]}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1978 World Figure Skating Championships|1978 Ottawa]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1977 World Figure Skating Championships|1977 Tokyo]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1976 World Figure Skating Championships|1976 Gothenburg]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1975 World Figure Skating Championships|1975 Colorado Springs]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1974 World Figure Skating Championships|1974 Munich]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1973 World Figure Skating Championships|1973 Bratislava]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1972 World Figure Skating Championships|1972 Calgary]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1971 World Figure Skating Championships|1971 Lyon]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1970 World Figure Skating Championships|1970 Ljubljana]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1969 World Figure Skating Championships|1969 Colorado Springs]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalCompetition|[[European Figure Skating Championships|European Championships]]}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1980 European Figure Skating Championships|1980 Gothenburg]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1978 European Figure Skating Championships|1978 Strasbourg]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1977 European Figure Skating Championships|1977 Helsinki]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1976 European Figure Skating Championships|1976 Geneva]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1975 European Figure Skating Championships|1975 Copenhagen]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1974 European Figure Skating Championships|1974 Zagreb]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1973 European Figure Skating Championships|1973 Cologne]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1972 European Figure Skating Championships|1972 Gothenburg]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1971 European Figure Skating Championships|1971 Zürich]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1970 European Figure Skating Championships|1970 Leningrad]]|Pairs}}
 
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{{MedalGold|[[1969 European Figure Skating Championships|1969 Garmisch-Partenkirchen]]|Pairs}}
 
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}}
 
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'''Irina Konstantinovna Rodnina''' ({{lang-rus|Ирина Константиновна Роднина|p=ɪˈrʲinə kənstɐnˈtʲinəvnə rədʲnʲɪˈna}}, born 12 September 1949) is a Russian politician and [[figure skating|figure skater]], who is the only [[pair skating|pair skater]] to win 10 successive [[World Figure Skating Championships|World Championships]] (1969–78) and three successive Olympic gold medals (1972, 1976, 1980). She was elected to the [[State Duma]] in the [[Russian legislative election, 2007|2007 legislative election]] as a member of President [[Vladimir Putin]]'s [[United Russia]] party.<ref name=CSM080805/> As a figure skater, she initially competed with [[Alexei Ulanov]] and later teamed up with [[Alexander Zaitsev (figure skater)|Alexander Zaitsev]]. She is the first pair skater to win the Olympic title with two different partners, followed only by [[Artur Dmitriev]].
 
  
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==Figure skating career==
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== Overview ==
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In her pre-school years, Irina Rodnina suffered from [[pneumonia]] eleven times; deciding to enroll her in an activity, in 1954 her parents brought her to her first [[ice rink|skating rink]], in the Pryamikov Children Park in Moscow.<ref name="profile" /> Since the sixth form of secondary school, age 13,<ref name="archi120106" /> she trained at [[Children and Youth Sports School]] of [[CSKA Moscow|CSKA]] on Leningradsky Prospekt.<ref name="kom122004"/>
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[[File:Metro Wireless Node.jpg|thumb| A municipal Wi-Fi antenna in [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]]]]
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Municipal wireless networks go far beyond the existing [[Piggybacking (internet access)|piggybacking]] opportunities available near public libraries and some coffee shops. The basic premise of carpeting an area with wireless service in urban centers is that it is more economical to the community to provide the service as a utility rather than to have individual households and businesses pay private firms for such a service. Such networks are capable of enhancing city management and public safety, especially when used directly by city employees in the field. They can also be a social service to those who cannot afford private high-speed services. When the network service is free and a small number of clients consume a majority of the available capacity, operating and regulating the network might prove difficult.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reason.org/ps349.pdf |title=A Dynamic Perspective on Government Broadband Initiatives |accessdate=2007-08-18 |last=Ellig |first=Jerry |date=November 2006 |format=PDF |publisher=Reason Magazine |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930190341/http://www.reason.org/ps349.pdf |archivedate=2007-09-30 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muniwireless.com/|title=MuniWireless: WiFi, LTE, mobile apps, broadband|work=MuniWireless: WiFi, LTE, 4G}}</ref>
  
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By 1963, Rodnina had begun skating with her first partner Oleg Vlasov, coached by Sonia and Milan Valun. In 1964, her coach became [[Stanislav Zhuk]], who paired her with [[Alexei Ulanov]]. They won four consecutive World and European titles. Rodnina / Ulanov won their first World title in [[1969 World Figure Skating Championships|1969]], ahead of [[Tamara Moskvina]] / [[Alexei Mishin]]. They won their next two World titles, [[1970 World Figure Skating Championships|1970]] and [[1971 World Figure Skating Championships|1971]], ahead of silver medalists [[Lyudmila Smirnova]] / [[Andrei Suraikin]]. However, Ulanov fell in love with Smirnova, and prior to the 1972 Olympics, the couple made the decision to skate together the following season.<ref name=profile/> Rodnina / Ulanov went on to compete at the [[Figure skating at the 1972 Winter Olympics|1972 Olympics]] where they captured the gold. They then prepared for their last competition together, the [[1972 World Figure Skating Championships|1972 World Championships]]. While practicing together a day before the start of the competition, the pair had an accident on a lift and Rodnina ended up in hospital with a [[concussion]] and an intracranial [[hematoma]].<ref name=profile/> Despite the accident, they had a strong showing in the short program, receiving some 6.0s. In the long program, Rodnina became faint and dizzy but it was enough for their fourth World title. Ulanov continued his career with Smirnova, while Rodnina considered retirement.
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In 2003, [[Verge Wireless]] formed an agreement with [[Tropos Networks]] to build a municipal wireless networks in the downtown area of [[Baton Rouge]], Louisiana.<ref>[http://www.rcrwireless.com/article/20030910/wi-fi/verge-wireless-to-deploy-Portland-Michigan-wi-fi-network-with-tropos-gear/] September 10, 2003</ref>  Carlo MacDonald, the founder of Verge Wireless, suggested that it could provide cities a way to improve economic development and developers to build mobile applications that can make use of faster bandwidth. Verge Wireless built networks for Baton Rouge, New Orleans,<ref>[http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20041110005311/en/Verge-Wireless-Selects-Tropos-Networks-Gear-Unwire] Los Angeles</ref> and other areas. Some applications include wireless security cameras, police mug shot software, and location-based advertising.
  
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In April 1972, her coach [[Stanislav Zhuk]] suggested she team up with the young Leningrad skater [[Alexander Zaitsev (figure skater)|Alexander Zaitsev]], who had good jumping technique and quickly learned the elements. Their music stopped during their short program at the [[1973 World Figure Skating Championships|1973 World Championships]], possibly due to a Czech worker acting in retaliation for the suppression of the [[Prague Spring]].<ref name=profile/><ref name=rodninaera/> Known for intense concentration, they finished the program in silence, earning a standing ovation and a gold medal upon completion,<ref name=brit/> ahead of Smirnova / Ulanov, whom they again defeated in [[1974 World Figure Skating Championships|1974]].
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In 2006 the US [[Federal Trade Commission]] expressed concerns about such [[private-public partnership]]s as trending towards a [[Government-granted monopoly|franchise monopoly]].<ref>[http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2006/10/muniwireless.shtm Should Municipalities Provide Wireless Internet Service? FTC Staff Report Provides Guidance to Promote Competition] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103201214/http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2006/10/muniwireless.shtm |date=2007-11-03 }} October 10, 2006</ref>
  
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In 1974, Rodnina / Zaitsev left Zhuk, with whom the working relationship had become strained,<ref name=profile/> to train with [[Tatiana Tarasova]]. They won six consecutive World titles together, as well as seven European gold medals, and won their first Olympic title together in [[Figure skating at the 1976 Winter Olympics|1976]]. Rodnina / Zaitsev did not compete during the 1978–79 season because she was pregnant with their son who was born on 23 February 1979.<ref name=profile/> They returned in 1980 to capture their [[Figure skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics|second Olympic title]] together and Rodnina's third. They then retired from competitive skating.
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In 2007, some companies with existing [[cell site]]s offered high-speed wireless services where the laptop owner purchased a PC card or adapter based on [[EV-DO]] cellular data receivers or [[WiMAX]] rather than [[802.11b/g]]. A few high-end laptops at that time featured built-in support for these newer protocols. WiMAX is designed to implement a [[metropolitan area network]] (MAN) while 802.11 is designed to implement a wireless [[local area network]] (LAN).
  
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Throughout her career, Rodnina competed internationally for the [[Soviet Union]] and represented the [[Armed Forces (sports society)|Armed Forces sports society]] at the national level.<ref name=Khavin/> With her partners, she won ten World Championships and three consecutive Olympic gold medals from 1971 to 1980, along with eleven European titles, making her the most successful pair skater in history.
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Within the United States, providing a municipal wireless network is not recognized as a priority. Some have argued that the benefits of public approach may exceed the costs, similar to [[cable television]].<ref>
 +
*[http://www.muniwireless.com/reports/docs/March-31-2007summary.pdf Muniwireless.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928085801/http://www.muniwireless.com/reports/docs/March-31-2007summary.pdf |date=2007-09-28 }}
 +
*{{cite web|url=http://w2i.com/resource_center/case_study |title=Case Study Database |work=w2i.com }}
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*[http://www.news.com/Municipal-broadband-and-wireless-projects-map/2009-1034_3-5690287.html Municipal broadband and wireless projects map of USA | CNET News.com] last updated 2005</ref>
  
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==Political career==
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==Finance==
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The construction of such networks is a significant part of their lifetime costs. Usually, a private firm works with local government to construct a network and operate it. Financing is usually shared by both the private firm and the municipal government. Once operational, the service may be free to users via public finance or advertising, or may be a paid service. Among deployed networks, usage as measured by number of distinct users has been shown to be moderate to light. Private firms serving multiple cities sometimes maintain an account for each user, and allow the user a limited amount of mobile service in the cities covered. As of 2007 some Muni WiFi deployments are delayed as the private and public partners negotiate the business model and financing.<ref>
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*[http://www.teleclick.ca/2006/06/earthlink%e2%80%99s-citywide-wi-fi-gamble-is-a-calculated-risk/ EarthLink’s Citywide Wi-Fi Gamble is a Calculated Risk] June 6, 2006
 +
*[http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2007/tc20070814_929868.htm Why Wi-Fi Networks Are Floundering: Faced with weak user demand, AT&T and other telecoms are stepping up pressure on cities to foot more of the bill for muni Wi-Fi projects] August 15, 2007
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*[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,274733,00.html Companies Grow Wary of Building Out Municipal Wi-Fi Networks] May 23, 2007
 +
*{{cite news |first=Jane |last=Wakefield |title=City wi-fi plans under scrutiny |date=2007-06-05 |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6722977.stm |accessdate=2007-06-06}}</ref><ref name=charny>{{cite web
 +
|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/san-francisco-formally-ends-citywide/story.aspx?guid=%7BCCFE5024-4078-4969-B8B3-A977B076018D%7D
 +
|title=San Francisco formally ends citywide Wi-Fi effort
 +
|first=Ben
 +
|last=Charny
 +
|publisher=MarketWatch
 +
|date=2007-09-12
 +
|accessdate=2007-09-27}}</ref><ref name=wu>{{cite web
 +
|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2174858/pagenum/2/
 +
|title=Where's My Free Wi-Fi? Why municipal wireless networks have been such a flop.
 +
|first=Tim
 +
|last=Wu
 +
|publisher=Slate
 +
|date=2007-09-27
 +
|accessdate=2007-09-27}}</ref>
  
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Rodnina became a member of the [[Public Chamber of Russia]] in 2005.<ref name=csm110205/> In the [[Russian legislative election, 2007|2007 legislative election]], she was elected to the [[State Duma]] as a member of [[President of Russia|President]] [[Vladimir Putin]]'s [[United Russia]] party.<ref name=CSM080805/> On 17 December 2012, Rodnina supported<ref>[http://vote.duma.gov.ru/vote/79982 Система анализа результатов голосований на заседаниях Государственной Думы]</ref> [[Dima Yakovlev Law]], the law in the Russian Parliament banning adoption of Russian orphans by citizens of the US.
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In such networks, radio communication is used both for the Wi-Fi service and for the "[[Backhaul (telecommunications)|backhaul]]" or pathway to the Internet. This means that the nodes only need a wire for power (hence the habit of installing them on power and light utility poles). This "all radio" approach means that nodes must be within range of each other and form a contiguous pathway back to special aggregation nodes that have more traditional access to the Internet. Nodes then relay traffic, somewhat like a [[bucket brigade]], from the laptop to the aggregation node. This limits the way in which the network can be grown incrementally: coverage starts near the aggregation point and, as the mesh grows, new coverage can only grow out from the edge of the mesh. If a new, isolated area is to be covered, then a new aggregation point must be constructed. Private firms often take a phased approach, starting with one or a few sectors of a city to demonstrate competence before making the larger investment of attempting full coverage of a city.
  
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==Personal life==
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[[Google WiFi]] is entirely funded by Google. Despite a failed attempt to provide citywide WiFi through a partnership with internet service provider Earthlink in 2007,<ref>[https://www.engadget.com/2007/08/06/san-francisco-pulls-the-plug-on-google-earthlinks-citywide-wi/ San Francisco pulls the plug on Google / Earthlink's citywide WiFi... for now] August 6, 2007</ref> the company claims that they are working to provide a wireless network for the city of San Francisco, California, although there is no specified completion date.<ref>[https://support.google.com/wifi/bin/answer.py?hl=en&query=other+cities&answer=44367 Google Wifi: Are there plans to bring Google WiFi to any other cities?]</ref> Some other projects that are still in the planning stages have pared back their planned coverage from 100% of a municipal area to only densely commercially zoned areas. One of the most ambitious planned projects is to provide wireless service throughout [[Silicon Valley]], but the winner of the bid seems ready to request that the 40 cities involved help cover more of the cost, which has raised concerns that the project will ultimately be too slow to market to be a success. Advances in technology in 2005–2007 may allow [[wireless community network]] projects to offer a viable alternative. Such projects have an advantage in that, as they do not have to negotiate with government entities, they have no contractual obligations for coverage. A promising example is [[Meraki]]'s demonstration in San Francisco, which already claims 20,000 distinct users as of October 2007.<ref>
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Rodnina graduated from the Central Institute of Physical Culture. Her first marriage was to Alexander Zaitsev, with whom she has a son of the same name, born in 1979.<ref name=profile/> From her second marriage, Rodnina has a daughter, [[Alyona Minkovski]], born in 1986.<ref name=profile/> She is currently divorced.<ref name=int1/> She spent a number of years living in the United States and then moved back to Russia.<ref name=int1/><ref name=int3/>
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*[http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9244199 Easier said than done: Second thoughts about municipal Wi-Fi] May 25, 2007
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*[http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201200308 Silicon Valley Cities Pause, Reflect On Muni Wi-Fi Commitments: The cities are studying whether to participate in an ambitious project to unwire several million people. The project has already encountered problems.] July 23, 2007
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*[http://svextra.com/blogs/gmsv/2007/08/municipal_wifi_--_no_wires_lots_of_strings.html Municipal WiFi — no wires, lots of strings]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019022743/http://svextra.com/blogs/gmsv/2007/08/municipal_wifi_--_no_wires_lots_of_strings.html |date=2007-10-19 }} August 6, 2007
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*[http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,137233-page,1-c,networking/article.html It's Crunch Time for Silicon Valley Wi-Fi: An executive backing Silicon Valley's wireless network expects test sites to be built this year.] September 16, 2007
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*[http://www.siliconvalley.com/ci_6554029 Municipal WiFi: A not-so-free lunch] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405194648/http://www.siliconvalley.com/ci_6554029 |date=2008-04-05 }} August 6, 2007
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*[http://www.news.com/Citywide-Wi-Fi-isnt-dead-yet/2100-7351_3-6209837.html?tag=item Citywide Wi-Fi isn't dead yet] September 25, 2007
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*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119077526843539656 Free Wi-Fi Still an Elusive Goal] September 26, 2007</ref>
  
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===Twitter controversy===
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In 2009, Microsoft and Yahoo also provided free wireless to select regions in the United States. Yahoo's free WiFi was made available for one year to the Times Square area in New York City beginning November 10, 2009.<ref>[http://www.pcworld.com/article/181852/free_wifi_wars_google_vs_microsoft_vs_yahoo.html?tk=mod_rel Free Wi-Fi Wars: Google vs. Microsoft vs. Yahoo] November 10, 2009</ref><ref>[http://paidcontent.org/article/419-yahoo-joins-the-free-wifi-marketing-bandwagon/ Yahoo Joins The Free-WiFi Marketing Bandwagon] November 9, 2009</ref> Microsoft made free WiFi available to select airports and hotels across the United States, in exchange for one search on the Bing search engine by the user.<ref>[http://www.mediapost.com/publications/?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=117007 Microsoft Bing Gives WiFi Users Free Search] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410075109/http://www.mediapost.com/publications/?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=117007 |date=2010-04-10 }} November 9, 2009</ref>
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On 13 September 2013, Rodnina caused a stir when she [[Twitter|tweeted]] a doctored<ref name="Guardian1">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/16/russia-obama-banana-racism-debate|last=Walker|first=Shaun|title=Russian MP's Obama with banana picture sparks racism debate|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=22 September 2013}}</ref> photo of [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Barack Obama]], his mouth full of food, with a [[photoshop]]ped banana in the image's foreground. She said<ref>{{cite web|url= https://twitter.com/IRodnina/status/378508067757125632|title=Свобода слова есть свобода! За свои комплексы сами и отвечайте!|trans-title=Freedom of speech is freedom of speech! If you have issues it's your problem!|publisher=[[Twitter]]|date=13 September 2013}}</ref> she was practicing her right to free expression, but critics claimed she was making a racist comment about the African-American president.<ref name="Guardian1"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Uproar over Russian MP Irina Rodnina's Obama banana pic |url=http://www.news.com.au/world-news/russian-mp-irina-rodnina-in-obama-racism-row/story-fndir2ev-1226719337293|newspaper=[[News.com.au]]|date=15 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Irina Rodnina, Former Russian Skater Who Lit Olympic Flame, Tweeted Racist Obama Photo|url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/07/irina-rodina-olympic-twee_n_4748137.html?ir=Black+Voices|newspaper=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=14 September 2013|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20121105015114/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/07/irina-rodina-olympic-twee_n_4748137.html?utm_hp_ref=black-voices&ir=Black+Voices |archivedate=5 November 2012}}</ref> On 10 February 2014, Rodnina in her Twitter claimed that her account was hacked at the time of posting the offensive photograph and apologized for her handling of the affair.<ref name=BBC140211/><ref name=apolrus/>
 
  
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==Results==
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==Potential externalities==
 +
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2011}}
 +
Unintended [[externalities]] are possible as a result of local governments providing Internet service to their constituents. A private service provider could choose to offer limited or no service to a region if that region's largest city opted to provide free Internet service, thus eliminating the potential customer base. The private sector receives no money from taxpayers, so there isn't competition. The lack of competition prevents other municipalities in that region from benefiting from the services of the private provider.<ref name="Flows">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2016/04/26/government-owned-internet-failure/#2abdc05f5137|title=The Failures Of Government-Owned Internet|last=Flows|first=Capital|access-date=2016-08-04}}</ref> The smaller public municipalities would at the same time not benefit from the free service provided by the larger city because it is designed to be subsidized by taxpayers and not concerned about the maximization of profits. The broadband provided by the government isn't largely supported to create an income on top of the private sector not being competed with enough to make a profit. Thus, making both municipal wireless networks anticompetitive.<ref name="Flows"/>
  
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===With Ulanov===
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Overuse could be another issue. If usage of the publicly provided network became heavier than existing private options network overload issues could arise, forcing the municipality to invest more heavily, thus spending more revenue, on infrastructure to maintain the existing level of service. This issue could be compounded if private providers begin exiting a market as mentioned above.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://watchdog.org/267073/government-broadband-report/|title=Report: Government broadband should be a 'last resort' - Watchdog.org|date=2016-06-06|language=en-US|access-date=2016-08-03}}</ref>
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
−
|-
 
−
! Event
 
−
! 1967–68
 
−
! 1968–69
 
−
! 1969–70
 
−
! 1970–71
 
−
! 1971–72
 
−
|-
 
−
| align=left | [[Winter Olympic Games|Winter Olympics]] || || || || || bgcolor=gold | 1st
 
−
|-
 
−
| align=left | [[World Figure Skating Championships|World Championships]] ||  || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st
 
−
|-
 
−
| align=left | [[European Figure Skating Championships|European Championships]] || 5th || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st
 
−
|-
 
−
| align=left | [[Soviet Figure Skating Championships|Soviet Championships]] || bgcolor=cc9966 | 3rd || bgcolor=cc9966 | 3rd || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st ||
 
−
|-
 
−
| align=left | [[Prize of Moscow News]] || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=silver | 2nd || bgcolor=gold | 1st || ||
 
−
|}
 
  
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=== With Zaitsev ===
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==Cities with municipal Wi-Fi service==
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{|  class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
+
In many cases several points or areas are covered, without blanket area coverage.
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|-
 
−
! Event
 
−
! 1972–73
 
−
! 1973–74
 
−
! 1974–75
 
−
! 1975–76
 
−
! 1976–77
 
−
! 1977–78
 
−
! 1978–79
 
−
! 1979–80
 
−
|-
 
−
| align=left | [[Winter Olympic Games|Winter Olympics]] || || || || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || || || bgcolor=gold | 1st
 
−
|-
 
−
| align=left | [[World Figure Skating Championships|World Championships]] || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || ||
 
−
|-
 
−
| align=left | [[European Figure Skating Championships|European Championships]] || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || bgcolor=gold | 1st
 
−
|-
 
−
| align=left | [[Soviet Figure Skating Championships|Soviet Championships]] || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st || bgcolor=gold | 1st ||  || bgcolor=gold | 1st || || ||
 
−
|-
 
−
| align=left | [[Prize of Moscow News]] || || || || || || bgcolor=gold | 1st || ||
 
−
|}
 
  
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==Other honours and awards==
+
===Africa===
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*[[Order of the Red Banner of Labour]] (1972)<ref name=Khavin/>
+
* [[Luxor, Egypt]] - pilot, paid service in tourist areas<ref name=WIESC>{{cite web|url=http://www.connected-egypt.org/|title=Index of /|work=connected-egypt.org}}</ref>
−
*[[Order of Lenin]] (1976)<ref name=Khavin/>
+
* [[Sharm el-Sheikh]], Egypt - pilot, paid service, tourist areas, EgyNet<ref name=WIESC />
−
*[[Order of Merit for the Fatherland]], 3rd and 4th classes
+
* [[Johannesburg]] - [[City of Johannesburg]] is currently{{when|date=April 2016}} rolling out free Wi-Fi to many suburbs as well as the city center.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
−
*[[Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow"]]
 
−
*Inducted into International Women's Sports Hall of Fame (1988)<ref name="Britannica" />
 
−
*Inducted into the [[World Figure Skating Hall of Fame]] (1989)
 
−
*International Skating Union's Jacques Favart Award<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web|url=http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-9343792/Irina-Rodnina|title=Irina Rodnina|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]|accessdate=24 April 2015}}</ref>
 
−
*In the [[2014 Winter Olympics]] in [[Sochi]], [[Russia]], she was given the honor of being the [[List of people who have lit the Olympic Cauldron|lighter of the Olympic Cauldron]] along with [[Vladislav Tretiak]]
 
  
−
==References==
+
===Asia===
−
{{Reflist|2|refs=
 
  
−
<ref name=sporef>{{cite web|url=http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ro/irina-rodnina-1.html |title=Irina Rodnina |publisher=Sports-reference |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110421061337/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ro/irina-rodnina-1.html |archivedate=2011-04-21 |df= }}</ref>
+
====Cambodia====
 +
* [[Phnom Penh]] - WiCam, Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wicam.com.kh/index.php/en/about-us|title=About Us|author=Super User|work=wicam.com.kh}}</ref>
  
−
<ref name=profile>{{cite web|url=http://www.peoples.ru/sport/fskating/rodnina/|script-title=ru:Ирина Константиновна Роднина|trans-title=Irina Konstantinovna Rodnina| last=Pushkina|first=Oksana|date=3 October 2004|work=peoples.ru|language=ru|accessdate=23 April 2011|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20030119090934/http://www.peoples.ru/sport/fskating/rodnina/|archivedate=19 January 2003}}</ref>
+
====China====
  
−
<ref name=archi120106>{{cite web|url= http://www.archi.ru/events/news/news_current_press.html?nid=3112&fl=1&sl=1|script-title=ru:Ирина Роднина: "Я не дачница, я москвичка"|trans-title=I'm a Moscovite|last= Malinin|first=Nikolai|date=1 December 2006|work=archi.ru|language=ru|accessdate=23 April 2011|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20030119090934/http://www.archi.ru/events/news/news_current_press.html?nid=3112&fl=1&sl=1|archivedate=19 January 2003}}</ref>
+
Free public wifi in tourist areas of big cities, railway stations, airports, and governmental facilities in [[Shanghai]], [[Beijing]], [[Tianjin]], [[Harbin]], [[Shenyang]], [[Shenzhen]], [[Kunming]], [[Hangzhou]], [[Suzhou]], [[Wuxi]], [[Nanjing]], [[Xi'an]], [[Chengdu]], [[Chongqing]], [[Fuzhou]], [[Ningbo]], [[Foshan]], [[Dalian]], [[Changchun]], [[Qingdao]], [[Yantai]], [[Dongguan]], [[Macau]], [[Huangshan]], [[Hefei]], [[Guiyang]], and [[Guangzhou]]
 +
* [[Hong Kong]] - most are subscribed, paid services, but free service in selected governmental facilities is also available<ref name="Public Wi-Fi Services"/>
 +
*[[Shanghai]] - city network in tourist areas, governmental facilities, and the districts of Jiading, Minhang, Pudong, Songjiang, Baoshan, and Puxi are covered. Public Wifi in various shopping malls, restaurants, stores, along with [[Pudong Airport]], [[Hongqiao Airport]], and all railway stations.
 +
*[[Beijing]] - Citywide network covers most districts, including downtown, along with public wifi by stores, shopping malls, and restaurants, along with Government Facilities, transportation centers, and [[Beijing Capital International Airport]].
 +
*[[Tianjin]] - Citywide network, along with Tourist areas and railway stations including [[Tianjin Binhai International Airport]]
 +
*[[Harbin]] - Network in downtown, railway stations, Shopping malls, and [[Harbin Taiping International Airport]]
 +
*[[Shenyang]] - Railway Stations, Tourist Areas, Shopping malls, and [[Shenyang Taoxian International Airport]]
 +
*[[Shenzhen]] - Limited to Downtown, Tourist areas, Shopping malls, railway stations, and [[Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport]]
 +
*[[Hangzhou]] - Downtown wifi, tourist areas, railway stations, and [[Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport]]
 +
*[[Suzhou]] - Downtown wifi, tourist areas, and railway stations.
 +
*[[Wuxi]] - [[Sunan Shuofang International Airport]], Downtown, Tourist areas, railway stations, and shopping malls.
 +
*[[Nanjing]] - Downtown, along with full district coverage, tourist areas, Railway stations, shopping malls, plazas, and [[Nanjing Lukou International Airport]]
 +
*[[Xi'an]] - Downtown, tourist areas, railway stations, shopping malls, and [[Xi'an Xianyang International Airport]]
 +
*[[Chengdu]] - Coverage in many areas, including downtown, plazas, and tourist areas, including [[Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport]]
 +
*[[Chongqing]] - Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, and [[Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport]]
 +
*[[Fuzhou]] - Coverage in downtown, railway stations, tourist areas, and [[Fuzhou Changle International Airport]]
 +
*[[Ningbo]] - Tourist areas, railway stations, tourist areas, and [[Ningbo Lishe International Airport ]]
 +
*[[Foshan]] - Downtown Coverage, Tourist Areas, railway stations, and [[Foshan Shadi Airport]]
 +
*[[Dalian]] - Downtown Coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, and [[Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport]]
 +
*[[Changchun]] - Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, shopping malls, and [[Changchun Longjia International Airport]]
 +
*[[Qingdao]] - Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, shopping malls, and [[Qingdao Liuting International Airport]]
 +
*[[Yantai]] - Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, shopping malls, and [[Yantai Penglai International Airport]]
 +
*[[Dongguan]] - Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, shopping malls, and plazas, including shops, and communities.
 +
*[[Macau]] - Downtown Coverage, including transportation centers, tourist areas, shopping malls, and [[Macau International Airport]]
 +
*[[Huangshan]] - Downtown Coverage, including transportation centers, tourist areas, shopping malls, and [[Huangshan Tunxi International Airport]]
 +
*[[Hefei]] - Downtown Coverage, including transportation centers, tourist areas, shopping malls, and [[Hefei Xinqiao International Airport ]]
 +
*[[Guiyang]] - Downtown Coverage, including transportation centers, tourist areas, shopping malls, and [[Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport]]
 +
*[[Guangzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport]]
 +
*[[Wuhan]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Wuhan Tianhe International Airport]]
 +
*[[Jinan]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport]]
 +
*[[Ordos (city)|Ordos]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Ordos Ejin Horo Airport]]
 +
*[[Xiamen]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport]]
 +
*[[Zhengzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport]]
 +
*[[Changsha]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Changsha Huanghua International Airport]]
 +
*[[Shijiazhuang]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport]]
 +
*[[Nanning]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Nanning Wuxu International Airport]]
 +
*[[Luoyang]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Luoyang Beijiao Airport]]
 +
*[[Haikou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Haikou Meilan International Airport]]
 +
*[[Xuzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Xuzhou Guanyin Airport]]
 +
*[[Nanchang]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Nanchang Changbei International Airport]]
 +
*[[Changzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Changzhou Benniu Airport]]
 +
*[[Guilin]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Guilin Liangjiang International Airport]]
 +
*[[Zhuhai]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Zhuhai Jinwan Airport]]
 +
*[[Wenzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Wenzhou Longwan International Airport]]
 +
*[[Tangshan]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Tangshan Sannühe Airport]]
 +
*[[Lanzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport ]]
 +
*[[Xuzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Xuzhou Guanyin Airport]]
 +
*[[Changsha]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Changsha Huanghua International Airport]]
 +
*[[Tangshan]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Tangshan Sannühe Airport]]
 +
*[[Nantong]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Nantong Xingdong Airport]]
 +
*[[Taiyuan]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Taiyuan Wusu International Airport]]
 +
*[[Shantou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Jieyang Chaoshan International Airport]]
 +
*[[Yangzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Yangzhou Taizhou Airport]]
 +
*[[Quanzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Quanzhou Jinjiang International Airport]]
 +
*[[Kaifeng]] - Downtown Coverage
 +
*[[Yichang]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Yichang Sanxia Airport]]
  
−
<ref name=kom122004>{{cite web|url=http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=533871 |script-title=ru:скользящий путь|date=20 December 2004|work=[[Kommersant]]|language=ru|accessdate=23 April 2011|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20030119090934/http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=533871 |archivedate=19 January 2003}}</ref>
+
Nearly all cities have free wifi coverage, hosted either by their local service carrier, or city government, all railway stations in China have free wifi, along with all Airports.
  
−
<ref name=Khavin>{{cite book|script-title=ru:Все об олимпийских играх|trans-title=All about Olympic Games|author=Khavin, Boris|publisher=[[Fizkultura i sport (publisher)|Fizkultura i sport]]|edition=2nd|pages=575|year=1979|location=[[Moscow]]|language=Russian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hD2HNwAACAAJ&dq=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fbA3Ut2PBoG1tAb-toH4CA&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBA}}</ref>
+
====India====
 +
* [[Ahmedabad, India|Ahmedabad]] - [[Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited (RJIL)|Reliance Jio]] started free [[4G]] services in select areas{{citation needed|date = April 2016}}
 +
* [[Bangalore]] - free coverage of [[M G Road, Bangalore|M.G. Road]] and [[Brigade Road, Bangalore|Brigade Road]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/personal-tech/computing/Bangalore-first-Indian-city-to-get-free-Wi-Fi-hotspots/articleshow/19061224.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Bangalore, first Indian city to get free Wi-Fi hotspots - The Times of India}}</ref>
 +
* [[Delhi]] - free Wi-Fi service in Delhi's Khan Market (August 2014),<ref>
 +
*{{cite news| url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/ndmc-wi-fi-service-khan-market-connaught-place-dot/1/209319.html | work=Business Today | title=Free Wi-Fi service starts in Khan Market - Business Today}}
 +
*{{cite news| url=http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/free-wi-fi-in-delhis-khan-market-connaught-place-next-in-line-229369.html | work=Tech 2 Firstpost | title=Free Wi-Fi in Delhi’s Khan market - Tech 2 Firstpost}}</ref> free WiFi service in Delhi's Connaught Place (November 2014),<ref>
 +
*{{cite news| url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/free-wifi-service-starts-in-delhis-connaught-place/513251-11.html | work=IBN Live | title=Free WiFi service starts in Delhi's Connaught Place - IBN Live}}
 +
*{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/connaught-place-is-now-a-wifi-hotspot/article6606760.ece | work=The Hindu | title=Connaught Place is now a Wi-Fi hotspot - The Hindu}}</ref> free Wi-Fi service at [[New Delhi Railway Station]] (December 2014)<ref>
 +
*{{cite news| url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/internet/news/free-wi-fi-service-finally-launched-at-new-delhi-railway-station-631903 | work=NDTV  | title=Free Wi-Fi Service Finally Launched at New Delhi Railway Station - NDTV}}
 +
*{{cite news| url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/free-wifi-service-at-new-delhi-railway-station-launched/516394-11.html | work=IBN Live | title=Free WiFi service at New Delhi Railway Station launched - IBN Live}}</ref>
 +
* [[Greater Noida]] — paid, operated by Maksat Technologies (P) Ltd.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 +
* [[Kolkata]], [[India]] - free 4G service by Reliance Jio{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 +
*[[Faridabad]], [[India]] - paid Wi-Fi Internet services being deployed by CSC E-governance Services in all Village Gram Panchayats
 +
*[[Puducherry]], [[India]] - paid Wi-Fi Internet services being deployed by CSC E-governance Services in all Village Gram Panchayats
 +
*[[Jharkhand]], [[India]] - paid Wi-Fi Internet services being deployed by CSC E-governance Services in all Village Gram Panchayats
  
−
<ref name=rodninaera>{{cite web|url=http://russianews.ru/newspaper/26869/26965/| script-title=ru:Роднина – это эпоха|trans-title=Rodnina – is an era|last=Srebnitskaya| first=Daria|date=10 September 2009|work=[[Russian News]]|language=ru| accessdate=6 May 2011|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20030119090934/http://russianews.ru/newspaper/26869/26965/|archivedate=19 January 2003}}</ref>
+
====Indonesia====
 +
* [[Malang]] - Indoken Wireless offers roaming connectivity, T-Fi Beta offers connectivity on public transportation, free access at resource centers.<ref name="Public Wi-Fi Services">[http://www.ofta.gov.hk/en/datastat/wifi_stat.html Public Wi-Fi Services] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210172446/http://www.ofta.gov.hk/en/datastat/wifi_stat.html |date=2008-02-10 }}</ref>
  
−
<ref name=brit>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/506649/Irina-Rodnina Encyclopædia Britannica: Irina Rodnina]</ref>
+
====Malaysia====
 +
* [[Kuala Lumpur]] - free, Wireless@KL covering major commercial areas.<ref>[http://www.wirelesskl.com/ Wireless@KL]</ref>
 +
* [[Penang]], - Penang Free Wi-Fi started in 2009, covers some commercial spots in the state, mostly on [[Penang Island]].{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 +
* [[Sarawak]] - paid deConnexion available in most business districts in major towns in the state of Sarawak.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 +
* [[Kota Kinabalu]] - free through KK City WiFi starting from 2017 for local residents and tourists. Each user is entitled to 10[[Gigabyte|GB]] of quota with no time limit every day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/19196|title=City WiFi benefits locals and tourists|author=DK Ryni Qareena|publisher=New Sabah Times|date=21 October 2017|accessdate=22 October 2017|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20171022155806/http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/19196|archivedate=22 October 2017|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
  
−
<ref name=int3>{{cite web|url= http://www.peoples.ru/sport/fskating/rodnina/interview3.html|script-title=ru:Иду на вы!|trans-title=Irina Rodnina interview|last=Vandenko|first=Andrei|date= 16 December 2005|work=itogi.ru|publisher=peoples.ru|language=ru |accessdate=23 April 2011|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20030119090934/http://www.peoples.ru/sport/fskating/rodnina/interview3.html|archivedate=19 January 2003}}</ref>
+
====Nepal====
 +
* [[Kathmandu]] - Paid services through multiple providers such as wlink, NTC{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
  
−
<ref name=int1>{{cite web|url= http://www.peoples.ru/sport/fskating/rodnina/interview.html|script-title=ru:Я больше не хочу стремиться к вершинам. Дайте наконец пожить по-человечески|trans-title=Irina Rodnina interview|last=Lepeshkova|first=Svetlana|date=25 February 2005|work=gzt.ru| publisher=peoples.ru|language=ru|accessdate=23 April 2011|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20030119090934/http://www.peoples.ru/sport/fskating/rodnina/interview.html|archivedate=19 January 2003}}</ref>
+
====Pakistan====
 +
* [[Islamabad]] - Free [[Ptcl|PTCL]] Char G WiFi for Metro Bus, stations and ruotes.
 +
* [[Lahore]] - Free [[Wi-Fi|Wifi]] service in all city.
 +
* [[Rawalpindi|Rawalpind]]<nowiki/>i - Free Wifi Service.
 +
* [[Multan]] - Free Wifi Service.
  
−
<ref name=csm110205>{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/1102/p01s01-woeu.html|title=Putin's 'chamber': a parallel parliament?|last=Weir|first= Fred|authorlink=Fred Weir|date=2 November 2005|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|accessdate=23 April 2011|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20030119090934/http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/1102/p01s01-woeu.html|archivedate=19 January 2003}}</ref>
+
* [[Karachi]] - Free Telenor WiFi
 +
https://propakistani.pk/2014/09/22/telenor-launches-wifi-hotspots-in-karachi/
 +
https://wifispc.com/pakistan
  
−
<ref name=CSM080805>{{cite news|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2008/0805/p07s01-woeu.html|title=Russia's other Olympic powerhouse – in parliament|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|date=5 August 2008|last=Weir|first=Fred|authorlink=Fred Weir}}</ref>
+
====Philippines====
 +
* [[Balanga City]], [[Bataan]] - free in downtown and several tourist attractions<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofbalanga.gov.ph/home/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=249&Itemid=1|title=Home|work=cityofbalanga}}</ref>
 +
* [[Bogo City]], [[Cebu]] - free WiFi service in most government facilities provided by the city government and ICT Office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/lgubogo}}</ref>
 +
* [[Calbayog City]], [[Samar]] - downtown area
  
−
<ref name=apolrus>{{cite web |url=http://echo.msk.ru/blog/echomsk/1256004-echo/ |script-title=ru:ИРИНА РОДНИНА ИЗВИНИЛАСЬ ЗА ИНЦИДЕНТ С ФОТОКОЛЛАЖЕМ СЕМЬИ БАРАКА ОБАМЫ | language = Russian |trans-title=Irina Rodnina apology |publisher=[[Echo of Moscow]] }}
+
====Singapore====
−
* {{cite tweet|user=IRodnina|author=Irina Rodnina|number=432894710072766464|date=10 February 2014|title=I respect the Obama family and apologize for not clearly stating earlier that I don't support the tweeted photo or racism in any form. (1/2)}}</ref>
+
* [[Singapore]] - free/paid, Wireless@SG{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
  
−
<ref name=BBC140211>{{cite news | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-26141678 | title = Russian Olympic figure skater sorry for Obama banana tweet | first = Steve | last = Rosenberg | work = BBC News | date = 11 February 2014 }}</ref>
+
====Taiwan====
 +
* [[Taipei]] - Taipei Free Public Wi-Fi and paid service Wifly by Q-Ware Communications, Inc.<ref>[http://www.wifly.com.tw/ Wifly] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516121207/http://www.wifly.com.tw/ |date=2008-05-16 }}</ref>
 +
* [[New Taipei]] - free service in specific public areas in the city{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
  
−
}}
+
====Thailand====
 +
* [[Bangkok]] - free service for Bangkok citizens provided by [[True Corporation]].{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
  
−
==Bibliography==
+
====Vietnam====
−
{{cite book|title=Irina Rodnina|author=A. Chaikovsky|publisher=[[Fizkultura i sport (publisher)|Fizkultura i sport]]|series=Heroes of the Olympic Games|year=1977|location=Moscow|language=Russian|url=http://www.sportlib.ru/books/figur/rodnina/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101020152/http://www.sportlib.ru/books/figur/rodnina/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2007-01-01}}
+
* [[Hạ Long]]<ref name="vneconomy">{{cite web|url=http://vneconomy.vn/20130524030919266P0C16/da-nang-phu-song-wifi-toan-thanh-pho.htm|title=Đà Nẵng phủ sóng Wifi toàn thành phố|work=vneconomy.vn}}</ref>
 +
* [[Hội An]]<ref name="vneconomy"/>
 +
* [[Da Nang]]<ref name="vneconomy"/>
 +
* [[Huế]]<ref name="vneconomy"/>
  
−
==External links==
+
===Europe===
−
{{commons category|Irina Rodnina}}
+
====Austria====
−
*[http://www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/heroes/bio_uk.asp?PAR_I_ID=71432 Irina Rodnina on Olympic.org]
+
* [[Vienna]] - free service around the city through the city lights, at major train stations,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.oebb.at/gratis-wlan-am-wiener-westbahnhof-und-in-wr-neustadt/|title=OeBB Blog: gratis WLAN am Westbahnhof}}</ref> and in the [[Vienna International Airport]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viennaairport.com/jart/prj3/va/main.jart?rel=en&content-id=1249344074243&reserve-mode=active|title=Flughafen Wien - Passagiere|work=viennaairport.com}}</ref>
−
*[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9064035 Irina Rodnina in Encyclopædia Britannica]
 
−
*[http://www.pairsonice.net/profileview.php?pid=96 Pairs on Ice: Rodnina and Ulanov]
 
−
*[http://www.pairsonice.net/profileview.php?pid=115 Pairs on Ice: Rodnina and Zaitsev]
 
  
−
{{S-start}}
+
====Belgium====
−
{{s-sports|oly}}
+
* [[Brussels]] - UrbiZone covers some institutions for higher education, administration buildings, and public hospitals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urbizone.be|title=Urbizone|work=urbizone.be}}</ref>
−
{{Succession box|title=[[List of people who have lit the Olympic Cauldron|Final Winter Olympic Torchbearer]]<br>with [[Vladislav Tretiak]]|before=[[Catriona Le May Doan]], [[Steve Nash]], [[Nancy Greene]] and [[Wayne Gretzky]]|after=''TBA [[2018 Winter Olympics|2018]]''|years=[[2014 Winter Olympics|Sochi 2014]]}}
 
−
{{S-end}}
 
  
−
{{NavigationOlympicChampionsFigureSkatingPairs}}
+
====Bulgaria====
−
{{NavigationWorldChampionsFigureSkatingPairs}}
+
* [[Plovdiv]] - free throughout the city center and some of the city's outskirts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://net365.mobi/en/coverage|title=coverage|work=net365.mobi}}</ref>
−
{{NavigationEuropeanChampionsFigureSkatingPairs}}
 
−
{{NavigationSovietChampionsFigureSkatingPairs}}
 
  
−
{{Authority control}}
+
====Estonia====
 +
* [[Tallinn]] - [[Tiigrihüpe]] free Wifi covers the capital city Talinn and most of the country.<ref>Farivar, Cyrus (2011) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/643762511 The Internet of Elsewhere: the Emergent Effects of a Wired World]. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. p. 109-149. Covers the history of the Internet and public WiFi access in Estonia.</ref>
  
−
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rodnina, Irina}}
+
====Croatia====
−
[[Category:1949 births]]
+
* [[Samobor]] - paid & free service by NGO [[SMBWireless]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smbwireless.hr/|title=Udruga SMBWireless - Više od veze!|work=smbwireless.hr}}</ref>
−
[[Category:Living people]]
+
* [[Velika Gorica]] - free in the city center and nearby villages as a part of e-Gorica.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
−
[[Category:Sportspeople from Moscow]]
+
 
−
[[Category:Figure skaters at the 1972 Winter Olympics]]
+
====Finland====
−
[[Category:Figure skaters at the 1976 Winter Olympics]]
+
* [[Helsinki]] - free, city-operated network in the city center<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visithelsinki.fi/en/come/welcome-helsinki/free-wifi-in-helsinki|title=Free WiFi in Helsinki|work=visithelsinki.fi}}</ref>
−
[[Category:Figure skaters at the 1980 Winter Olympics]]
+
* [[Oulu]] - free [[panOULU]] service.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
−
[[Category:Olympic figure skaters of the Soviet Union]]
+
 
−
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union]]
+
====France====
−
[[Category:Soviet female pair skaters]]
+
* [[Paris]] - free in many parks and in municipal libraries, museums, and public places.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paris.fr/portail/pratique/Portal.lut?page_id=7799&document_type_id=5&document_id=29274&portlet_id=17981|title=Mairie de Paris : site officiel de la ville de Paris – Paris.fr|work=paris.fr}}</ref>
−
[[Category:Russian female pair skaters]]
+
 
−
[[Category:Armed Forces sports society athletes]]
+
====Germany====
−
[[Category:Members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)]]
+
[[File:München WLAN a.jpg|thumb|Wi-Fi sign in downtown Munich]]
−
[[Category:Members of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation]]
+
* [[Munich]] - several areas downtown
−
[[Category:Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 3rd class]]
+
* [[Stuttgart]] - service along the main shopping street Königstraße and a few other locations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stuttgart.de/wlan|title=Free Wifi in central Stuttgart|work=stuttgart.de}}</ref>
−
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin]]
+
 
−
[[Category:Olympic medalists in figure skating]]
+
====Greece====
−
[[Category:World Figure Skating Championships medalists]]
+
* [[Heraklion]] - free, city-operated network, covers major city squares and roads.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraklion.gr/e-heraklion/e-wireless/e-wireless.html|title=Ασύρματο Δίκτυο Δήμου Ηρακλείου - Η κινητή σύνδεσή σας στο Διαδίκτυο - Ασύρματο Δίκτυο - e-heraklion - Δήμος Ηρακλείου|work=heraklion.gr|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022103456/http://www.heraklion.gr/e-heraklion/e-wireless/e-wireless.html|archivedate=2013-10-22|df=}}</ref>
−
[[Category:European Figure Skating Championships medalists]]
+
* [[Lagkadas]] - free, city-operated, covers most of the city and is expanding to cover towns in Lagkadas municipality.<ref>[http://www.lagadas.gr/wifi/index.html Lagkadas WiFi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309204020/http://www.lagadas.gr/wifi/index.html |date=2011-03-09 }}</ref>
−
[[Category:World Figure Skating Hall of Fame inductees]]
+
 
−
[[Category:Russian sportsperson-politicians]]
+
====Ireland====
−
[[Category:United Russia politicians]]
+
* [[Dublin]] - free wifi in areas of the city centre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dublincity.ie/main-menu-services-business/dublin-free-wifi |title=Dublin Free WiFi |newspaper=Dublincity.ie |date= |author= |accessdate=7 December 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114074704/http://www.dublincity.ie/main-menu-services-business/dublin-free-wifi |archivedate=14 November 2015 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=zbOJyf0j8Gh4.kRxWiD5SdN4Q&msa=0 |title=Dublin City Wifi map |date=  |author= |accessdate= 7 December 2015}}</ref>
−
[[Category:Olympic cauldron lighters]]
+
 
−
[[Category:Medalists at the 1976 Winter Olympics]]
+
====Italy====
−
[[Category:Medalists at the 1980 Winter Olympics]]
+
* [[Bologna]] - free service in and around the historical city center.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iperbole.bologna.it/wireless/it/iperbole-wireless |title=Iperbole wireless |publisher=Iperbole.bologna.it |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
−
[[Category:Medalists at the 1972 Winter Olympics]]
+
* [[Comiso]] - free service in and around the historical city center.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wi-freecom.it |title=Wi-FreeCom wi-fi |publisher=wi-freecom.it |date= |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref>
−
[[Category:21st-century Russian politicians]]
+
* [[Milan]] - free service in and around the historical city center<ref>{{cite web|url=http://info.openwifimilano.it/en/index.aspx|title=OpenWifiMilano|work=openwifimilano.it}}</ref> and the Milano Malpensa airport.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 +
* [[Venice]], free to residents and city users.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cittadinanzadigitale.it/ |title=Cittadinanza Digitale |publisher=Cittadinanzadigitale.it |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
*[[Trento]], free service in and around the historical city centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comune.trento.it/Progetti/Rete-Wi-fi-pubblica-e-gratuita-Wilma |title=Rete wifi pubblica e gratuita |publisher=comune.tn.it |date= |accessdate=2012-04-30}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
====Lithuania====
 +
* [[Kaunas]] - free, in some streets of the city.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 +
 
 +
====Luxembourg====
 +
* [[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]] — paid & free service in downtown, Central Station Hotcity and European district.<ref>[http://www.hotcity.lu/en Hotcity]</ref>
 +
 
 +
====Moldova====
 +
* [[Chişinău]] - two metropolitan Wi-Fi networks exist: [[StarNet]] and [[Orange Moldova|Orange]]. StarNet's paid and free coverage area includes the city's central streets and residential districts as well as parks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wifi.starnet.md/|title=wifi_starnet|work=starnet.md}}</ref> Orange paid coverage area includes the city's mass transit areas and bus stops.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orange.md/?p=1&c=2&sc=251|title=Orange Moldova|work=Orange Moldova}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
====Netherlands====
 +
* [[Leiden]] - free, community project covering city and region by Wireless Leiden.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 +
 
 +
====Norway====
 +
* [[Trondheim]] - paid and free service in city centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tradlosetrondheim.no/ |title=Trådløse Trondheim |publisher=Tradlosetrondheim.no |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
====Poland====
 +
* [[Rzeszów]] - free, city-operated in participating public schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.resman.pl/index.php/en/|title=/ Main page|work=resman.pl}}</ref>
 +
* [[Wrocław]] - free service by Miejski Internet, in few places.<ref>[http://www.wroclaw.pl/miejski_internet,1.dhtml Miejski Internet]</ref>
 +
 
 +
====Romania====
 +
* [[Brașov, Romania]] - free wifi over the entire city deployed into existing 5G network by worldwifizone.com of Ireland, over 40,000 daily users at peak.
 +
* [[Roman, Romania]] - free, deployed by Minisoft Romania as part of MetroWireless free internet access project,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metrowireless.ro|title=MetroWireless Romania, Free Metropolitan Networks|work=metrowireless.ro}}</ref> paid by advertisements, covers much of the city,<ref>[http://www.metrowireless.ro/images/stories/harta%20acoperire%20finala.jpg Wireless coverage in Roman, Romania]{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> expanding to nearby villages
 +
* [[Vatra Dornei]], [[Romania]], 85% of city covered with free wifi deployed by worldwifizone.com using free guest user and Facebook connect.
 +
 
 +
====Russia====
 +
* [[Moscow]], [[Russia]] - [[:ru:МаксимаТелеком|Maxima Telecom]], award-winning Moscow Metro and public transport public network<ref>{{cite web|url=http://awards.wirelessglobalcongress.com/2015-winners/|title=WBA Awards 2015|work=Wireless Broadband Alliance}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wi-fi.ru/|title=WiFi|work=Maxima Telecom}}</ref>
 +
* [[Moscow]], [[Russia]] - paid service, Golden Telecom<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goldenwifi.ru/en/|title=Golden WiFi|work=goldenwifi.ru}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
====Serbia====
 +
* [[Zrenjanin]], [[Serbia]] - free, city center only
 +
* [[Pančevo]], [[Serbia]] - free, city center only, with time limit session.
 +
 
 +
====Spain====
 +
* [[Moralzarzal]], Spain - free for inscribed citizens, limited time for visitors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moralzarzaldigital.es/index.php?id=721 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525135450/http://www.moralzarzaldigital.es/index.php?id=721 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2007-05-25 |title=Red WiFi municipal |publisher=Moralzarzaldigital.es |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05 }}</ref>
 +
* [[Madrid]], Spain - free and open Wi-Fi on the municipal bus system, EMT.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.emtmadrid.es/2012/07/02/wi-fi-gratis-en-los-buses-de-la-emt/ |title=EMT WiFi municipal |publisher=emtmadrid.es |date= |accessdate=2017-01-27}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
====Sweden====
 +
* [[Helsingborg]], Sweden - unrestricted, free and city-operated in 220 locations around the town. SSID: Helsingborg<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kartor.helsingborg.se/wifi/|title=Surfzoner|work=helsingborg.se}}</ref> Helpdesk: #freewifihbg on most social platforms.
 +
* [[Lidköping]], Sweden - unrestricted, free and commercially operated. Available in town square. SSID: Lidkoping<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=97&artikel=5908876|title=Lidköping först ut med fritt nätverk|author=Sveriges Radio|work=sverigesradio.se}}</ref>
 +
* [[Örebro]], [[Sweden]] - free, around Järntorget.
 +
 
 +
====Switzerland====
 +
* [[Geneva]], Switzerland - free, city-operated<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ville-geneve.ch/wifi|title=Accès Wi-Fi - Environnement urbain et espaces verts - Thèmes - Ville de Genève - Site officiel|work=ville-geneve.ch}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
====Ukraine====
 +
* [[Kiev|Kyiv]], [[Ukraine]] - free wifi in certain areas of city centre and [[Kiev Passenger Railway Station|Passenger Railway Station]]. {{vs|date=April 2017}}
 +
 
 +
====United Kingdom====
 +
* [[Blackpool]], UK - free, 1.6&nbsp;km area around city centre [https://web.archive.org/web/20140209231404/http://www.blackpoolunlimited.com/WirelessBlackpoolhasarrived.aspx Wireless Blackpool] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20130127034809/http://www.blackpoolunlimited.com/getDocument.aspx?id=32071 Wireless Blackpool Leaflet]
 +
* [[Bristol]], UK - free, 3&nbsp;km area around city centre<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.24dash.com/news/Central_Government/2006-11-30-Cityspace-to-extend-Bristols-wireless-network|title=Cityspace to extend Bristol's wireless network|work=24dash.com|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080203231951/http://www.24dash.com/news/Central_Government/2006-11-30-Cityspace-to-extend-Bristols-wireless-network|archivedate=2008-02-03|df=}}</ref>
 +
* [[Liverpool]], UK - paid service, covering central areas.
 +
* [[Newcastle, County Down]], Northern Ireland, UK
 +
* [[Norwich, England]] - free, city center and university, 18-month pilot [[Openlink (Norwich, UK)]]
 +
* [[York]], [[England]] - free, entire city centre, museums, libraries and universities
 +
 
 +
===North America===
 +
====Canada====
 +
* [[Calgary]], Alberta -  paid service operated by [[WestNet Wireless]], first City Wi-Fi in Canada<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.westnet.ca/coverage.htm?coverage=calgary |title=WestNet Wireless - Calgary Wi-Fi Coverage |publisher=Westnet.ca |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
* [[Fredericton]], New Brunswick - free, Fred-e Zone<ref>[http://www.teamfredericton.com/fred-ezone.htm Fred-e Zone]</ref>
 +
* [[Iqaluit]], Nunavut  - Community Free Access and Paid Service provided by Meshnet, and service of mnemonics.ca<ref>http://www.mnemonics.ca/mesh/map_public.php{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 +
* [[London, Ontario]] - free (pilot project) on Dundas Street, provided by London Downtown Business Association<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.londonlawn.ca/|title=London Area Wireless Network (LAWN)|work=londonlawn.ca}}</ref>
 +
* [[Mississauga]], Ontario - free, Wireless access at Mississauga Libraries, Community Centres, Arenas and select transit stops<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mississauga.ca/portal/services/wireless|title=Mississauga.ca - Services Online - Wireless Mississauga: Free WiFi Zone|work=mississauga.ca}}</ref>
 +
* [[Moncton]], New Brunswick - free, Service provided by Red Ball Internet of Moncton. Wireless access available at Arenas and Moncton's Public Library. It was also the first city in Canada to provide wireless internet on its public transportation fleet.
 +
* [[Montreal]], Quebec - free, community supported Ilesansfil<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilesansfil.org/|title=Île Sans Fil|work=ilesansfil.org}}</ref>
 +
* [[Moose Jaw]], Saskatchewan - free, city center and campus<ref name="ito.gov.sk.ca">[http://www.ito.gov.sk.ca/wireless-internet/ ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326021617/http://www.ito.gov.sk.ca/wireless-internet/ |date=March 26, 2009 }}</ref>
 +
* [[Prince Albert, Saskatchewan]] - free, city center and campus<ref name="ito.gov.sk.ca"/>
 +
* [[Quebec City]], Quebec - free, community supported ZAP Quebec<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zapquebec.org/|title=ZAP Québec|work=zapquebec.org}}</ref>
 +
* [[Regina, Saskatchewan]] - free, city center and campus<ref name="ito.gov.sk.ca"/>
 +
* [[Saint-Hyacinthe]], Quebec - free service in selected parks, municipal buildings and commercial center, provided by ZAP Monteregie<ref>{{cite web|url=http://auth.zapmonteregie.org/nodeextra/map|title=ZAP Montérégie|work=zapmonteregie.org}}</ref>
 +
* [[Saskatoon]], Saskatchewan - free, city center and campus<ref name="ito.gov.sk.ca"/>
 +
* [[Sherbrooke]], Québec - free, limited to downtown, provided by ZAP Sherbrooke<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zapsherbrooke.org/ |title=Bienvenue chez ZAP |publisher=Zapsherbrooke.org |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
* [[Shawinigan]], Quebec - free service, limited to downtown. City-operated.
 +
* [[Stratford, Ontario]] - paid service, covers entire city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rhyzome.ca |title=Rhyzome Networks |publisher=Rhyzome.ca |date= |accessdate=2013-08-29}}</ref>
 +
* [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] - free service provided by [[Wireless Toronto]] and the [[Toronto Public Library]] system for locations throughout the [[Greater Toronto Area]]; paid service from [[Toronto Hydro]]'s ''One Zone''.
 +
* [[Windsor, Ontario]]- free service for the downtown core provided by the Downtown Windsor Business Improvement Association.<ref>http://www.downtownwindsor.ca/news_article.php?id=10</ref>
 +
 
 +
====United States====
 +
* [[Akron, Ohio]] SSID: "ConnectAkron"
 +
* [[Albany, New York]] Albanyfreenet<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.albanyfreenet.net/site/ |title=Albany FreeNet |publisher=Web.albanyfreenet.net |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
* [[Amherst, Massachusetts]] - free service in downtown area<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.govtech.com/wireless/States-Fastest-Public-Wi-Fi-Now-Live-in-Amherst-Mass.html|title=State|work=govtech.com}}</ref>
 +
* [[Anderson, Indiana]] Anderson WiFi<ref>[http://www.cityofanderson.com/splashwireless/default2.aspx ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226011954/http://www.cityofanderson.com/splashwireless/default2.aspx |date=February 26, 2009 }}</ref>
 +
* [[Arcata, California]]
 +
* [[Baltimore, Maryland]] Baltimore Free WiFi
 +
* [[Bethany Beach, Delaware]] Beach and Boardwalk free WiFi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.townofbethanybeach.com/ |title=Town of Bethany Beach, DE - Official Website |publisher=Townofbethanybeach.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
* [[Binghamton, New York]] - free service,<ref>[http://www.cityofbinghamton.com/department.asp?zone=Dept-Economic-Development&pid=12&pm=page City of Binghamton Downtown WiFi.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419090150/http://www.cityofbinghamton.com/department.asp?zone=Dept-Economic-Development&pid=12&pm=page |date=2009-04-19 }} 2009</ref>
 +
* [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]] - [https://www.boston.gov/departments/innovation-and-technology/wicked-free-wi-fi Wicked Free WiFi] available throughout the City of Boston for the public to use
 +
* [[Brevard County, Florida]] - free at all County Library Buildings [http://www.brevardfl.gov/PublicLibraries/Computers]
 +
* [[Bristol, Virginia]]<ref name=nyt2014>{{citation |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/31/upshot/why-the-us-has-fallen-behind-in-internet-speed-and-affordability.html |title=In the Slow Lane: Why the U.S. Has Fallen Behind in Internet Speed and Affordability |date=October 30, 2014 }}</ref>
 +
* [[Burlington, Vermont]] - Citywide WiFi hotspots through [http://www.burlingtontelecom.net Burlington Telecom]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burlingtontelecom.net/about-us/wi-fi-hotspots-around-burlington/|title=Wi-Fi Hotspots Around Burlington|work=burlingtontelecom.net}}</ref>
 +
* [[Burlington, North Carolina]] - Free public WiFi in [http://www.ci.burlington.nc.us/index.aspx?NID=1218 select downtown areas.]
 +
* [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] - free (pilot), through the [http://www.cambridgema.gov/itd/CPI.aspx Cambridge Public Internet (CPI) Initiative]
 +
* [[Charleston, South Carolina]] - free public wi-fi in Marion Square [http://www.charlestonfreewifi.com] by the [http://www.charlestondigitalcorridor.com]
 +
* [[Cedar Rapids, Iowa]] - has Free Wifi Downtown & around the city<ref>{{Cite web|title = Cedar Rapids seeks to partner with private sector to build a city Wi-Fi system|url = http://www.thegazette.com/2013/12/10/cedar-rapids-seeks-to-partner-with-private-sector-to-build-a-city-wi-fi-system|website = The Gazette|access-date = 2016-02-15}}</ref>
 +
* [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]]<ref name=nyt2014 />
 +
* [[Clearwater Beach, Florida]] - free service,<ref>[http://www.beachchamber.com/wifiweb One of the most successful beach tourist free wireless networks implemented and maintained.] 2008</ref>
 +
* [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]]—free service in the Old Brooklyn neighborhood
 +
* [[Corpus Christi, Texas]] - paid service, Earthlink<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ccwifinews.com/|title=Welcome ccwifinews.com - BlueHost.com|work=ccwifinews.com}}</ref>
 +
* [[Decatur, Georgia]] - Free Wifi in Downtown Decatur<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.decaturga.com/index.aspx?page=178|title=City of Decatur : Decatur WiFi|work=decaturga.com|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095843/http://www.decaturga.com/index.aspx?page=178|archivedate=2015-04-02|df=}}</ref>
 +
* [[Dubuque, Iowa]] - free, city-operated, provided Mediacom covers downtown area since 2006.
 +
* [[El Paso, Texas]] - Free Wifi in Downtown El Paso.<ref>[http://digitalelpaso.com] 2009</ref>
 +
* [[Englewood, New Jersey]] - Free ultra fast Wifi throughout almost two miles of downtown Englewood 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ackrion.com|title=ackrion Superior Municipal Outdoor Wireless Wi-Fi Solutions|work=ackrion}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://downtownenglewood.com|title=Downtown Englewood, NJ|work=downtownenglewood.com}}</ref>
 +
* [[Escondido, California]] - free service in downtown area and Public Library.
 +
* [[Fenton, Michigan]] - free or paid service in downtown area and public parks, through Tri-County Wireless, Inc.<ref name=tctimes-010313>{{cite news|last=Pomares|first=Alberto|title=Fenton parks and downtown now have free wireless Internet access|url=http://www.tctimes.com/news/fenton-parks-and-downtown-now-have-free-wireless-internet-access/article_e588d5a6-e624-11e0-be1d-001cc4c03286.html|accessdate=3 January 2013|newspaper=Tri County Times|date=23 September 2011}}</ref>
 +
* [[Gerlach, Nevada]] - Gifted to the public by Black Rock City LLC.
 +
* [[Greensboro, North Carolina]] - Free Wifi in Downtown Greensboro, Greensboro Historical Museum, The Depot, and others.<ref>[http://www.greensboro-nc.gov/index.aspx?page=2357] 2014</ref>
 +
* [[Harrisburg, North Carolina]] - free, Time Warner Cable
 +
* [[Hattiesburg, Mississippi]] Free wifi in the downtown area of Front, Main and Pine Streets and the Oaks Cultural District.
 +
* [[Hollywood, Florida]] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20081122202050/http://johnsoncontrols.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=113&item=1350 Johnson Controls], [https://web.archive.org/web/20111126035816/http://www.slingbroadband.com/fort-lauderdale-wimax-sling-broadband-coverage.html Sling Broadband Wimax] deploy municipal Wi-Fi network for wireless automated meter reading (AMR), public safety and free Wi-Fi service for residents. [http://www.muniwireless.com/2009/02/16/hollywood-florida-wifi-network/ Muni Wireless]
 +
* [[Houston|Houston, Texas]] - free service in downtown area and selected neighborhoods around the city; free service also available in all [[Houston Public Library]] and [[Harris County Public Library]] branches<ref>[http://www.wecanhouston.org/AboutWecan Houston WeCAN (Wireless Empowered Community Access Network)]</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://blogs.chron.com/techblog/archives/2008/08/it_lives_city_of_houston_turns_on_free_downto.html | title=Updated: It lives! City of Houston turns on free downtown Wi-Fi | author=Dwight Silverman | publisher=''Houston Chronicle'' | date=August 18, 2008 | accessdate=2011-02-18}}</ref>
 +
* [[Honolulu|Honolulu, Hawaii]] - free, Tri-Net Solutions LLC<ref>{{cite news | url=http://starbulletin.com/2007/10/04/news/story04.html | title=Free Wi-Fi boots up in Chinatown | author=Nina Wu | publisher=''Honolulu Star-Bulletin'' | date=October 4, 2007 | accessdate=2007-12-11}}</ref>
 +
* [[Hiawatha, Iowa|Hiawatha Iowa]] - Has Free WiFi at Public parks  & Public Library<ref>{{Cite web|title = ImOn launches free Wi-Fi in Hiawatha parks {{!}} The Gazette|url = http://www.thegazette.com/subject/news/business/imon-launches-free-wi-fi-in-hiawatha-parks-20150818|website = The Gazette|access-date = 2016-02-15}}</ref>
 +
* [[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, Indiana]] -free AT&T WiFi downtown
 +
* [[Kennesaw, Georgia]] - free, City of Kennesaw WiFi - available in city parks and other areas [http://www.kennesawwifi.net]
 +
* [[Kenosha, Wisconsin]] - Low Cost Paid WiFi located in Downtown Kenosha, service provided by Infinite Technologies LLC [http://www.infinitetec.net]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/Kenosha-WiFi/129463007094147 |title=Kenosha WiFi |publisher=Facebook |date=2012-07-27 |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
* [[Kenosha, Wisconsin]] - Expensive Lake coverage pre-approved by Kenosha County Board without pre-approval by the City of Kenosha was declinded by the City 2/13/2014. The ISP service the County was attempting would undermine the existing small business owner, who has found it a challenge for the city to accept any attempts to grow the wifi. {{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}
 +
* [[Kissimmee, Florida]] - free, Bright House Networks
 +
* [[Lafayette, Louisiana]]<ref name=nyt2014 />
 +
* [[Lawrence, Kansas]] - free, Lawrence Freenet, not-for-profit company that works in conjunction with the City of Lawrence and local internet providers [http://www.lawrencefreenet.org]
 +
* [[Leverett, Massachusetts]]<ref>{{citation |work=Boston Globe |date=June 12, 2015 |url= https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2015/06/12/fiber-backbone-bringing-broadband-western-massachusetts/B4rh0BFgkUAso0icAvCJtM/story.html |title=Fiber backbone brings broadband to Western Mass. }}</ref>
 +
* [[Lexington, Kentucky]] - SSID: "LexingtonPublic" free, originally only for police, firefighters and civil service employees, available along major streets miles outside downtown, available in downtown, East End and Cardinal Hill neighborhoods<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aceweekly.com/2010/10/lexington-announces-free-downtown-east-end-wi-fi/|title=Lexington announces free downtown, East End wi-fi|work=Ace Weekly}}</ref>
 +
* [[Linden, Michigan]] - free or paid service in downtown area and public parks, through Tri-County Wireless, Inc.
 +
* [[Los Lunas, New Mexico]] - http://www.loslunasnm.gov/196/Wi-Fi-Service
 +
* [[Longmont, Colorado]] - Municipal gigabit fiber citywide.<ref>http://longmontcolorado.gov/departments/departments-e-m/longmont-power-communications/broadband-service</ref>
 +
* [[Madison, Wisconsin]] - paid, only covers central part of city.
 +
* [[Marion, Illinois]] - Free. Initially just the downtown square but plans to expand to Public Safety.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyrepublicannews.com/article/20141121/NEWS/141129823 |title=WiFi @ Marion Square now has wifi  |publisher=Web.dailyrepublicannews.com |date= |accessdate=2014-11-21}}</ref>
 +
* [[Maywood, California]] - Free. Initially just the business corridors, now citywide.
 +
* [[Minneapolis|Minneapolis, Minnesota]] - paid, [[Minneapolis wireless internet network|USI Wireless]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usiwireless.com/service/minneapolis/schedule.htm |title=Wireless Minneapolis Build Out Schedule & Coverage Map |publisher=USI Wireless |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807101322/http://www.usiwireless.com/service/minneapolis/schedule.htm |archivedate=2012-08-07 |df= }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/wirelessminneapolis/ Wireless Minneapolis]</ref>
 +
* [[Mountain View, California]] - free (no longer operating) - [[Google WiFi]]
 +
* [[Naperville, Illinois]] - free, downtown area only, known as "napernet"
 +
* [[New York City]] - [[LinkNYC]] began service in 2016; intended to have thousands of stations
 +
* [[Newton, North Carolina]] - free, downtown area [http://www.newtonnc.gov/departments/information_systems/internet_use_policy.php]
 +
* [[Ocala, Florida]] - Free, Downtown Square
 +
* [[Pacifica, California]] - paid service, PacificaNet<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pacificanet.com/|title=Pacifica Net|work=pacificanet.com}}</ref>
 +
* [[Palm Bay, Florida]] - free at City Hall and six parks, Map [http://www.palmbayflorida.org/home/showdocument?id=2078]
 +
* [[Peachtree City, Georgia]] - free at two parks and the public library/City Hall plaza -<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peachtree-city.org |title=Peachtree City, GA - Official Website |publisher=Peachtree-city.org |date=2012-05-08 |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
* [[Philomath, Oregon]] - free 300kbit/s access, paid tiers. Serves city limits: also has APs in downtown Corvallis.
 +
* [[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]] - free downtown 2 hours per day
 +
* [[Plattsmouth, Nebraska]] - free in all public buildings (Court House, Public Library, City Hall, Community Center) and Main Street
 +
* [[Ponca City, Oklahoma]] - covers the whole city<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.poncacityok.gov/index.aspx?NID=417 |title=Ponca City, OK - Wi-Fi (Free Wireless Internet) |publisher=Poncacityok.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
* [[Powell, Ohio]] - Free, covers downtown<ref>[http://www.cityofpowell.us/discoverpowell-wifi.php Powell, OH Wifi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430004635/http://www.cityofpowell.us/discoverpowell-wifi.php |date=2009-04-30 }}</ref>
 +
* [[Rochester, Minnesota]] - Downtown in Peace Plaza, near the [[Mayo Clinic]] and [[University of Minnesota Rochester]]\
 +
* [[Rockport, Maine]]<ref>{{citation |url= http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2014-08-13/how-maine-saved-the-internet |title=How Maine Saved the Internet |work=Bloomberg View |publisher=Bloomberg |accessdate=August 15, 2014 |date=August 13, 2014 |author=[[Susan P. Crawford]] }}</ref>
 +
* [[San Jose, California]] - Free in downtown area<ref>[http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_22792266/san-jose-launches-new-free-downtown-outdoor-wireless San Jose launches new free downtown outdoor wireless], Mercury News, March 15, 2013</ref>
 +
* [[Santa Clara, California]] - Free, outdoors in most areas of the city<ref>[http://gigaom.com/2013/03/27/santa-clara-launches-free-outdoor-wi-fi-on-backs-of-smart-meters/ Santa Clara launches free outdoor Wi-Fi on backs of smart meters] March 23, 2013</ref>
 +
* [[Santa Monica, California]] - Free, outdoors in most areas of the city<ref>[http://muninetworks.org/reports/santa-monica-city-net-case-study/ Santa Monica City Net Case Study] March 5, 2014</ref>
 +
* [[Skokie, Illinois]],  - Downtown and park areas<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skokie.org/SkokieLinkWiFi.cfm |title=Village of Skokie, Skokie Link WiFi, Skokie, IL |publisher=Skokie.org |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
* [[Southaven, Mississippi]] - paid service, city-operated, branded as [https://web.archive.org/web/20071021215805/http://magnoliawave.com/ Magnoliawave]
 +
* [[South Bend, Indiana]] - Free service intended to establish downtown as a meeting place and bridge the [[Digital divide in the United States|digital divide]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wfyi.org/news/articles/south-bend-to-get-free-wireless-internet-downtown|title=South Bend To Get Free Wireless Internet Downtown|last=Press|first=Associated|date=2015-09-22|website=WFYI Public Media|access-date=2016-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-to-offer-free-wi-fi-downtown/article_5ca6be7a-05bb-56de-aab9-927e5b0caf8e.html|title=South Bend to offer free Wi-Fi downtown|website=South Bend Tribune|access-date=2016-05-02}}</ref>
 +
* [[Spokane, Washington]] - two free hours/day, paid after.
 +
* [[Statesville, North Carolina]]- free access
 +
* [[Storrs, Connecticut]] - used for students of The University of Connecticut
 +
* [[Springfield, Ohio]] - free, downtown and Clark State Community College campus
 +
* [[The Dalles, Oregon]] - free, via Google grant to downtown and key event areas. City-operated.
 +
* [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania]] - Day pass, monthly service, or even pre-paid wireless data cards are available<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.timesleader.com/2008_11/2008_08_09_Wilkes_Barre_rsquo_s_Wi_Fi_connects_city_to_future_-editorial.html |title=Wilkes-Barre’s Wi-Fi connects city to future  |publisher=http://www.timesleader.com |date= |accessdate=2008-08-09}}</ref>
 +
* [[Williamsburg, Virginia]] - free, limited to [[Merchants Square]]
 +
* [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina]] - free, limited to downtown. City-operated: no technical support.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofws.org/Home/DiscoverWinston-Salem/Articles/WiFi|title=City of Winston-Salem - Discover Winston-Salem|work=cityofws.org}}</ref>
 +
* [[Warwick, Massachusetts]] - paid service, municipally-operated
 +
* [[Yazoo City, Mississippi]] - Paid network. Branded as Yazoo Wireless, Provided by [https://web.archive.org/web/19970405163808/http://www.cytecsys.com/ CYTEC]
 +
* [[Yorktown, Indiana]] - Free, limited to downtown
 +
 
 +
In addition, a few U.S. states, such as [[Iowa]] and [[Massachusetts]], offer free Wi-Fi service at [[Rest area|welcome centers and roadside rest area]]s located along major [[Interstate highway]]s.
 +
 
 +
====Mexico====
 +
* [[Guadalajara|Guadalajara, Jalisco]] - Free, 150 parks and municipal areas. 1 hour continuous connect and 2 hour connection time allowed per day. In operation since 2011. Installation and operation is municipal government funded. A few of the areas are provided with free electrical outlets to charge / use your device.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gdllibre.com/mapa.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-05-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402141948/http://www.gdllibre.com/mapa.php |archivedate=2015-04-02 |df= }}</ref>
 +
* [[Mérida, Yucatán]] - Free. Most major city parks and other areas. Provided by [[Axtel]] and [[Telmex]]. Usually also provide standing tables with power outlets. The parks are identified by "parque en linea" (online park) signs and branding of the utility providing the connectivity. The SSID is usually "park en linea".
 +
 
 +
===Oceania===
 +
* [[Adelaide]], Australia - [[AdelaideFree WiFi]] is a contiguous network available throughout the CBD, provided by [[Internode (ISP)|Internode]]
 +
* [[Auckland]], New Zealand - Citywide network based in all popular areas across Auckland including CBD and Waterfront [http://www.aucklandwifi.co.nz] from Tomizone.
 +
* [[Perth]], Australia - paid, RoamAD-based metro wide coverage in the CBD by [https://web.archive.org/web/20071116154220/http://www.metromesh.com.au/ metromesh]
 +
* [[Taupo]], New Zealand, paid/free large RoamAD-based zone in tourist area by [https://web.archive.org/web/20071008170013/https://www.kordiametrowifi.com/ Kordia Metro WiFi]
 +
* [[Hawke's Bay]], New Zealand, prepaid access and free 1 hr daily, available at many locations region wide by [http://nownz.co.nz/wi-fi NOW]
 +
* [[Wellington]], New Zealand - Free Wifi at the Waterfront, CBD & Airport
 +
 
 +
===South America===
 +
* [[Aparecida, Brazil]] Free service<ref>{{cite web|author=Felipe Zmoginski, do Plantão INFO |url=http://info.abril.com.br/aberto/infonews/052007/08052007-14.shl |title=INFO Online - Aparecida estréia rede Wi-Fi gratuita - (08/05/2007) |publisher=Info.abril.com.br |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
* [[Belo Horizonte, Brazil]]<ref>[http://portal2.pbh.gov.br/pbh/pgESEARCH_CENTRO.html?paramCodNot=7060]{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} November 11, 2007 - free, need some subscribe at logon on Wi-Fi network. AP in some public places and builds</ref>
 +
* [[La Plata, Argentina]] - free, city center only<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moebiusdigital.com.ar/noticias_1211_argentina._la_plata_ofrece_wifi_gratuito_y_apunta_a_convertirse_en_una_ciudad_digital.html |title=Argentina. La Plata ofrece WiFi gratuito y apunta a convertirse en una Ciudad Digital &#124; Moebius Digital &#124; Diseño web &#124; Web Hosting &#124; Argentina |publisher=Moebius Digital |date=2009-05-07 |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
* [[Buenos Aires, Argentina]] - free, without registration, 120 spots for all over the city<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/modernizacion/wi-fi-gratis|title="BA WiFi" official site, with map and list (Spanish)|newspaper=Buenosaires.gob.ar|date=|author=|accessdate=7 December 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210050226/http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/modernizacion/wi-fi-gratis|archivedate=10 December 2015|df=}}</ref>
 +
* [[General Lavalle| General Lavalle, Argentina]] - Free service<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radioprovincia.gba.gov.ar/noticias/general-lavalle-tiene-wifi-gratis-para-toda-la-poblacion/ |title=General Lavalle tiene wifi gratis para toda la población - Radio Provincia|newspaper=Radioprovincia.gba.gov.ar |date=  |author= |accessdate=}}</ref>
 +
* [[Sud Mennucci, São Paulo|Sud Mennucci]], Brazil—free, limited to downtown. City-operated.
 +
* [[Miraflores District, Lima|Miraflores]], [[Lima]] [[Peru]] Free service, various spots over the district. City-operated.
 +
 
 +
===Planned===
 +
 
 +
====Africa====
 +
* [[Stellenbosch|Stellenbosch, South Africa]]  Free service. Town centre online since February 25, 2012. Coverage to be increased to whole town.<ref>[http://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadband/43829-free-wi-fi-for-stellenbosch.html "Free Wi-Fi for Stellenbosch"] ''[[MyBroadband]]'', February 21, 2012.</ref>
 +
* [[Northpine, South Africa]] Paid. WISP and media delivery services as well as video surveillance focused on the suburb. Community social portal for information sharing, collaboration and local business partnerships. Proof of concept to be expanded to neighbouring areas.
 +
* [[Harare, Zimbabwe]] Available around the city on various hotspots. Provided by ZOL. 1 hour time limit, paid after.
 +
 
 +
====Asia====
 +
* [[Delhi]], [[India]] - Delhi Government constituted a Task Force (March 2015) to provide Free Wi-Fi connectivity in Delhi. The new Task Force is a part of Delhi Dialogue Commission (DDC), an advisory body of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] government,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-aap-government-sets-up-wifi-task-force-in-delhi-2069707 | work=DNA India | title=Aam Aadmi Party government sets up WiFi task force in Delhi - DNA India}}</ref> Aam Aadmi Party government decide to consult with various stakeholders to implement its pre-poll promise of providing Free Wi-Fi connectivity across the city,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Free-Wi-Fi-in-Delhi-AAP-to-consult-with-stakeholders/articleshow/46555273.cms | work=Times of India | title=Free Wi-Fi in Delhi : AAP to consult with stakeholders - Times of India}}</ref> Delhi Dialogue Commission (DDC) chaired by Chief Minister [[Arvind Kejriwal]] asks people for suggestions for Free WiFi plan (March 2015)<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/delhis-aap-govt-asks-people-suggestions-free-wifi-plan-2155477.html | work=Firstpost | title=Delhi's AAP govt asks people for suggestions for the free WiFi plan - Firstpost}}</ref>
 +
* [[Tel Aviv]] Downtown and later north part as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1164845.html|title=Tel Aviv to initiate free municipal WiFi pilot|author=Bar Ben Ari|work=Haaretz.com}}</ref>
 +
* [[Makati]], [[Philippines]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ph.news.yahoo.com/makati-eyes-becoming-ph-s-first--wi-fi-city-.html |title=Makati eyes becoming PH's first 'Wi-Fi city' - Yahoo! News Philippines |publisher=Ph.news.yahoo.com |date=2012-07-12 |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
* [[Mumbai]], [[India]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/BMC-plans-WiFi-cover-for-Mumbai/articleshow/21175912.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=BMC plans WiFi cover for Mumbai - The Times of India}}</ref>
 +
* [[NOIDA]], [[India]]
 +
* [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanherald.com/news/6223/05-june-2015/amidst-metro-bus-fanfare%28com%29-sharjeel-memon-promises-free-wifi-for-karachi|title=Amidst Metro bus fanfare, Sharjeel Memon promises free WiFi for Karachi|work=Pakistan Herald}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
====Europe====
 +
* [[Swindon|Swindon, Wiltshire, UK]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wiltshire/8364159.stm "Free public Wi-Fi scheme for town"] ''[[BBC News]]'', November 17, 2009.</ref>
 +
* [[Leicester|Leicester, UK]]<ref>[http://www.foxestalk.co.uk/forums/index.php?showtopic=74050&view=findpost&p=1897661 "FoxesTalk Reference - Leicester Mercury Reported"] ''[[Leicester Mercury]]'', June 24, 2011.</ref>
 +
* [[London|London, UK]] ([[London Underground]])<ref name="LondonUGwifi">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jun/01/london-tube-stations-wi-fi |title=London tube stations to get Wi-Fi |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2012-06-01 |accessdate=3 June 2012 |last=Neate |first=Rupert |location=London}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
====North America====
 +
* [[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]]<ref>[http://www.informationweek.com/software/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=198702130 China's ZTE To Build Massive Wi-Fi Network For Mexico City: The Wi-Fi network will connect schools and government offices as well as some 4,000 security cameras] April 3, 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17927755/ Mexico City explores wireless Internet: Planning hot spots throughout city for 8.7, million residents] April 3, 2007</ref> free, coupled with new surveillance system (planned 2008)
 +
* [[Republic of Panamá|Panama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.innovacion.gob.pa|title=Autoridad Nacional para la Innovación Gubernamental|work=innovacion.gob.pa}}</ref>
 +
* [[Tecumseh, Ontario]]
 +
 
 +
=====United States=====
 +
* [[Cleveland]], Ohio<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandcitycouncil.org/Home/News/OldBrooklynNeighborhoodfreewirelessnetwork/tabid/809/Default.aspx|title=Cleveland City Council - Cleveland City Council - Page Not Found|author=thunder::tech :: an integrated marketing agency|work=clevelandcitycouncil.org|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721144027/http://www.clevelandcitycouncil.org/Home/News/OldBrooklynNeighborhoodfreewirelessnetwork/tabid/809/Default.aspx|archivedate=2011-07-21|df=}}</ref> - Wireless will cover Ward 13 of the Old Brooklyn Neighborhood
 +
* [[Oakland County, Michigan]] - free 128 kbit/s, paid for high speed, [[Wireless Oakland]]
 +
* [[Sacramento, California]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Brad |url=http://www.wirelessweek.com/Archives/2007/06/Sacramento-Goes-Wireless/ |title=Sacramento Goes Wireless |publisher=Wireless Week |date=2007-06-22 |accessdate=2012-08-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225082843/http://www.wirelessweek.com/Archives/2007/06/Sacramento-Goes-Wireless/ |archivedate=2012-02-25 |df= }}</ref>
 +
* [[Silicon Valley|Silicon Valley, California]] Joint Venture Wireless Project - free, prototyped for Palo Alto and San Carlos by 2008, Silicon Valley Metro Connect.<ref>[http://www.jointventure.org/inthenews/pressreleases/021407wireless.html Joint Venture: Silicon Valley Network Announces Test Cities for Wireless Silicon Valley Initiative] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022110318/http://jointventure.org/inthenews/pressreleases/021407wireless.html |date=2007-10-22 }}, February 14, 2007.</ref>
 +
* [[St. Louis Park, Minnesota]] - Set up, but not yet deployed due to contracting disputes.
 +
* [[Tampa, Florida]] - Tampabayconnect.net
 +
* [[Waukesha, Wisconsin]]<ref>Esptein, Reid J. [http://www.jsonline.com/news/wauk/feb06/389874.asp "Waukesha could be next city to go Wi-Fi"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207020912/http://www.jsonline.com/news/wauk/feb06/389874.asp |date=2006-02-07 }} ''[[Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel]]'', February 3, 2006.</ref>
 +
 
 +
====Oceania====
 +
* [[Brisbane, Australia]]<ref>[http://www.news.com.au/technology/story/0,28348,25345995-5014239,00.html Queensland to give train commuters wireless internet access] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418194043/http://www.news.com.au/technology/story/0%2C28348%2C25345995-5014239%2C00.html |date=2009-04-18 }}</ref>
 +
* [[Canberra, Australia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/government-it/free-wireless-internet-for-civic-canberra-20140313-hvi41.html|title=Free wireless internet for Civic, Canberra|work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>
 +
* [[Melbourne, Australia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/victorias-first-free-public-wifi-zones-launched-at-queen-victoria-market-and-central-ballarat-bendigo-20141029-11dn8d.html|title=Victoria's first free public Wi-Fi zones launched at Queen Victoria Market and central Ballarat, Bendigo|work=The Age}}</ref>
 +
* [[Ballarat, Australia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecourier.com.au/story/2149740/ballarat-to-get-free-public-wi-fi-by-the-end-of-the-year/|title=Ballarat to get free public wi-fi by the end of the year |author=TOM COWIE|date=13 March 2014|work=The Courier}}</ref>
 +
* [[Bendigo, Australia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/story/2149186/free-wi-fi-for-bendigo/|title=Free WI-FI for Bendigo|author=Fairfax Regional Media|date=13 March 2014|work=Bendigo Advertiser}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
====South America====
 +
* [[Jacareí]], Brazil<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jornal.valeparaibano.com.br/2008/04/03/jac/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-09-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410174800/http://jornal.valeparaibano.com.br/2008/04/03/jac/ |archivedate=2008-04-10 |df= }}</ref>
 +
* [[São José dos Campos]], Brazil<ref>[http://www.carlinhosalmeida.com.br/propostas_ver.php?idConteudo=10 ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916000737/http://www.carlinhosalmeida.com.br/propostas_ver.php?idConteudo=10 |date=September 16, 2008 }}</ref>
 +
* [[São Paulo]], Brazil<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105150/http://www.telebrasil.org.br/sala-de-imprensa/na-midia/3527-haddad-quer-licitacao-de-wifi-este-ano-e-vai-trocar-regularizacao-de-antenas-de-celular-por-oferta-de-pontos-gratis ]</ref>
 +
 
 +
===Canceled or closed===
 +
* [[Baton Rouge]], United States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcrwireless.com/article/20030910/wi-fi/verge-wireless-to-deploy-baton-rouge-wi-fi-network-with-tropos-gear/|title=Verge Wireless to deploy Baton Rouge Wi-Fi network with Tropos gear|author=Reily Gregson|work=RCR Wireless News}}</ref>
 +
* [[Chicago]], United States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/chicago-scraps-municipal-wireless-plans/2007-08-29|title=Chicago scraps municipal wireless plans|work=FierceWireless}}</ref>
 +
* [[Charleston, South Carolina]], United States (on hold)<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.muniwireless.com/2008/01/03/city-initiative-charleston-south-carolina/ |title=City Initiative: Charleston, South Carolina &#124; MuniWireless: WiFi, LTE, 4G |publisher=MuniWireless |date=2008-01-03 |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Kyle Stock |url=http://www.postandcourier.com/news/2007/oct/05/city_exit_wireless_project/ |title=City to exit wireless project &#124; The Post and Courier &#124; Charleston SC, News, Sports, Entertainment |publisher=The Post and Courier |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
* [[Dublin, Ireland]]<ref>[http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0109/wifi.html] RTÉ reports cancelled Wi-Fi</ref>
 +
* [[Groningen]], Netherlands<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.draadloosgroningen.nl|title=Draadloos Groningen BV|work=draadloosgroningen.nl}}</ref> - Municipal Wireless network with open service model, covering entire city, first parts operational, 2010–2012 expanding to 54sq km<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/DraadloosGron/status/4886597895979008|title=Twitter|work=twitter.com}}</ref>
 +
* [[MetroFi]] - free with advertisements, deployed to 10 cities in the western United States, closed in 2008
 +
* [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]<ref name="trevey2007">{{cite news |first=Mick |last=Trevey |title=Citywide Wi-Fi Might Not Happen |url=http://www.todaystmj4.com/news/local/9041797.html |work=Local & Regional News |publisher=Journal Broadcast Group |date=2007-08-09 |accessdate=2007-08-18}}</ref> - paid service, Midwest Fiber Networks, target date: March 2008
 +
* [[New Orleans, Louisiana]], United States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/mobility/muni/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=207402189 |title=EarthLink To Shut Down New Orleans' Municipal Wi-Fi - Mobility - Muni Wireless |publisher=Informationweek |date=2008-04-25 |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 +
* [[Parramatta, Australia]]<ref name="news.theage.com.au">{{cite web|url=http://news.theage.com.au/national/nsw-govt-dumps-plans-for-free-city-wifi-20080502-2a5t.html|title=NSW govt dumps plans for free city WiFi|work=The Age}}</ref>
 +
* [[Portland, Oregon]], United States<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/siliconforest/2010/01/portland_set_to_dismantle_dona.html|title=Portland set to dismantle, donate abandoned Wi-Fi antennas|last=Rogoway|first=Mike|date=January 19, 2010|work=[[The Oregonian]]|accessdate=3 February 2010}}</ref>
 +
* [[Puerto Montt, Chile]]
 +
* [[Regional Municipality of Waterloo]], Canada - plans to create paid service to cover the entire Waterloo Region, specifically [[Kitchener, Ontario]], [[Waterloo, Ontario]], [[Cambridge, Ontario]] (The "Tri-City Area"), to be provided by Atria Networks, was scrapped in 2011 as Atria has been acquired by [[Rogers Communications]], no explanation was given.<ref>{{cite news|title=Blanket Wi-Fi plans unplugged in Waterloo Region and Guelph, but growing in Stratford  |url= http://www.therecord.com/news-story/2586282-blanket-wi-fi-plans-unplugged-in-waterloo-region-and-guelph-but-growing-in-stratford/ |work=Local |publisher=Waterloo Region Record |date=2011-07-21 |accessdate=2015-11-28}}</ref>
 +
* [[Riverside, California]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riversideca.gov/it/FreeWi-fi/|title=Riverside, California - City of Arts & Innovation - Innovation and Technology|work=riversideca.gov}}</ref>
 +
* [[San Francisco|San Francisco, California]], United States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/san-francisco-formally-ends-citywide/story.aspx?guid=%7BCCFE5024-4078-4969-B8B3-A977B076018D%7D|title=San Francisco formally ends citywide Wi-Fi effort|author=Ben Charny|work=MarketWatch}}</ref>
 +
* [[Sydney, Australia]]<ref name="news.theage.com.au"/>
 +
* [[Tempe, Arizona]] - paid service, Kite Networks<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tempe.gov/wifi/|title=City of Tempe, AZ : WiFi Terms of Service|work=tempe.gov}}</ref>
 +
* Dubrovnik, Croatia - closed when the new mayor took over
 +
 
 +
==See also==
 +
* [[Community network]]
 +
* [[List of deployed WiMAX networks]]
 +
* [[Municipal broadband]]
 +
* [[Switched mesh]]
 +
* [[Wireless community network]]
 +
 
 +
== References ==
 +
{{Reflist|30em}}
 +
 
 +
== External links ==
 +
 
 +
* {{HowStuffWorks|municipal-wifi|How Municipal WiFi Works}}
 +
* [http://www.muniwireless.com/ MuniWireless]
 +
 
 +
{{Internet access}}
 +
{{Telecommunications}}
 +
 
 +
{{DEFAULTSORT:Municipal Wireless Network}}
 +
[[Category:Wireless Internet service providers]]
 +
[[Category:Telecommunications lists]]
 +
[[Category:Internet access]]
 +
[[Category:Wi-Fi]]
 +
[[Category:Public utilities|Wifi]]

Revision as of 18:57, 9 December 2017

Template:Commons category Municipal wireless network (Municipal Wi-Fi, Muni Wi-Fi or Muni-Fi) is a citywide wireless network. This is usually done by providing municipal broadband via Wi-Fi to large parts or all of a municipal area by deploying a wireless mesh network. The typical deployment design uses hundreds of wireless access points deployed outdoors, often on poles. The operator of the network acts as a wireless internet service provider.

Overview

File:Metro Wireless Node.jpg
A municipal Wi-Fi antenna in Minneapolis, Minnesota

Municipal wireless networks go far beyond the existing piggybacking opportunities available near public libraries and some coffee shops. The basic premise of carpeting an area with wireless service in urban centers is that it is more economical to the community to provide the service as a utility rather than to have individual households and businesses pay private firms for such a service. Such networks are capable of enhancing city management and public safety, especially when used directly by city employees in the field. They can also be a social service to those who cannot afford private high-speed services. When the network service is free and a small number of clients consume a majority of the available capacity, operating and regulating the network might prove difficult.[1][2]

In 2003, Verge Wireless formed an agreement with Tropos Networks to build a municipal wireless networks in the downtown area of Baton Rouge, Louisiana.[3] Carlo MacDonald, the founder of Verge Wireless, suggested that it could provide cities a way to improve economic development and developers to build mobile applications that can make use of faster bandwidth. Verge Wireless built networks for Baton Rouge, New Orleans,[4] and other areas. Some applications include wireless security cameras, police mug shot software, and location-based advertising.

In 2006 the US Federal Trade Commission expressed concerns about such private-public partnerships as trending towards a franchise monopoly.[5]

In 2007, some companies with existing cell sites offered high-speed wireless services where the laptop owner purchased a PC card or adapter based on EV-DO cellular data receivers or WiMAX rather than 802.11b/g. A few high-end laptops at that time featured built-in support for these newer protocols. WiMAX is designed to implement a metropolitan area network (MAN) while 802.11 is designed to implement a wireless local area network (LAN).

Within the United States, providing a municipal wireless network is not recognized as a priority. Some have argued that the benefits of public approach may exceed the costs, similar to cable television.[6]

Finance

The construction of such networks is a significant part of their lifetime costs. Usually, a private firm works with local government to construct a network and operate it. Financing is usually shared by both the private firm and the municipal government. Once operational, the service may be free to users via public finance or advertising, or may be a paid service. Among deployed networks, usage as measured by number of distinct users has been shown to be moderate to light. Private firms serving multiple cities sometimes maintain an account for each user, and allow the user a limited amount of mobile service in the cities covered. As of 2007 some Muni WiFi deployments are delayed as the private and public partners negotiate the business model and financing.[7][8][9]

In such networks, radio communication is used both for the Wi-Fi service and for the "backhaul" or pathway to the Internet. This means that the nodes only need a wire for power (hence the habit of installing them on power and light utility poles). This "all radio" approach means that nodes must be within range of each other and form a contiguous pathway back to special aggregation nodes that have more traditional access to the Internet. Nodes then relay traffic, somewhat like a bucket brigade, from the laptop to the aggregation node. This limits the way in which the network can be grown incrementally: coverage starts near the aggregation point and, as the mesh grows, new coverage can only grow out from the edge of the mesh. If a new, isolated area is to be covered, then a new aggregation point must be constructed. Private firms often take a phased approach, starting with one or a few sectors of a city to demonstrate competence before making the larger investment of attempting full coverage of a city.

Google WiFi is entirely funded by Google. Despite a failed attempt to provide citywide WiFi through a partnership with internet service provider Earthlink in 2007,[10] the company claims that they are working to provide a wireless network for the city of San Francisco, California, although there is no specified completion date.[11] Some other projects that are still in the planning stages have pared back their planned coverage from 100% of a municipal area to only densely commercially zoned areas. One of the most ambitious planned projects is to provide wireless service throughout Silicon Valley, but the winner of the bid seems ready to request that the 40 cities involved help cover more of the cost, which has raised concerns that the project will ultimately be too slow to market to be a success. Advances in technology in 2005–2007 may allow wireless community network projects to offer a viable alternative. Such projects have an advantage in that, as they do not have to negotiate with government entities, they have no contractual obligations for coverage. A promising example is Meraki's demonstration in San Francisco, which already claims 20,000 distinct users as of October 2007.[12]

In 2009, Microsoft and Yahoo also provided free wireless to select regions in the United States. Yahoo's free WiFi was made available for one year to the Times Square area in New York City beginning November 10, 2009.[13][14] Microsoft made free WiFi available to select airports and hotels across the United States, in exchange for one search on the Bing search engine by the user.[15]

Potential externalities

Template:Unreferenced section Unintended externalities are possible as a result of local governments providing Internet service to their constituents. A private service provider could choose to offer limited or no service to a region if that region's largest city opted to provide free Internet service, thus eliminating the potential customer base. The private sector receives no money from taxpayers, so there isn't competition. The lack of competition prevents other municipalities in that region from benefiting from the services of the private provider.[16] The smaller public municipalities would at the same time not benefit from the free service provided by the larger city because it is designed to be subsidized by taxpayers and not concerned about the maximization of profits. The broadband provided by the government isn't largely supported to create an income on top of the private sector not being competed with enough to make a profit. Thus, making both municipal wireless networks anticompetitive.[16]

Overuse could be another issue. If usage of the publicly provided network became heavier than existing private options network overload issues could arise, forcing the municipality to invest more heavily, thus spending more revenue, on infrastructure to maintain the existing level of service. This issue could be compounded if private providers begin exiting a market as mentioned above.[17]

Cities with municipal Wi-Fi service

In many cases several points or areas are covered, without blanket area coverage.

Africa

Asia

Cambodia

China

Free public wifi in tourist areas of big cities, railway stations, airports, and governmental facilities in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Harbin, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Kunming, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi, Nanjing, Xi'an, Chengdu, Chongqing, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Foshan, Dalian, Changchun, Qingdao, Yantai, Dongguan, Macau, Huangshan, Hefei, Guiyang, and Guangzhou

Nearly all cities have free wifi coverage, hosted either by their local service carrier, or city government, all railway stations in China have free wifi, along with all Airports.

India

Indonesia

  • Malang - Indoken Wireless offers roaming connectivity, T-Fi Beta offers connectivity on public transportation, free access at resource centers.[20]

Malaysia

Nepal

Pakistan

https://propakistani.pk/2014/09/22/telenor-launches-wifi-hotspots-in-karachi/ https://wifispc.com/pakistan

Philippines

Singapore

Taiwan

Thailand

Vietnam

Europe

Austria

Belgium

  • Brussels - UrbiZone covers some institutions for higher education, administration buildings, and public hospitals.[33]

Bulgaria

  • Plovdiv - free throughout the city center and some of the city's outskirts.[34]

Estonia

Croatia

Finland

France

  • Paris - free in many parks and in municipal libraries, museums, and public places.[38]

Germany

File:München WLAN a.jpg
Wi-Fi sign in downtown Munich
  • Munich - several areas downtown
  • Stuttgart - service along the main shopping street Königstraße and a few other locations.[39]

Greece

  • Heraklion - free, city-operated network, covers major city squares and roads.[40]
  • Lagkadas - free, city-operated, covers most of the city and is expanding to cover towns in Lagkadas municipality.[41]

Ireland

Italy

  • Bologna - free service in and around the historical city center.[44]
  • Comiso - free service in and around the historical city center.[45]
  • Milan - free service in and around the historical city center[46] and the Milano Malpensa airport.Template:Citation needed
  • Venice, free to residents and city users.[47]
  • Trento, free service in and around the historical city centre.[48]

Lithuania

Luxembourg

  • Luxembourg — paid & free service in downtown, Central Station Hotcity and European district.[49]

Moldova

  • Chişinău - two metropolitan Wi-Fi networks exist: StarNet and Orange. StarNet's paid and free coverage area includes the city's central streets and residential districts as well as parks.[50] Orange paid coverage area includes the city's mass transit areas and bus stops.[51]

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

  • Rzeszów - free, city-operated in participating public schools.[53]
  • Wrocław - free service by Miejski Internet, in few places.[54]

Romania

  • Brașov, Romania - free wifi over the entire city deployed into existing 5G network by worldwifizone.com of Ireland, over 40,000 daily users at peak.
  • Roman, Romania - free, deployed by Minisoft Romania as part of MetroWireless free internet access project,[55] paid by advertisements, covers much of the city,[56] expanding to nearby villages
  • Vatra Dornei, Romania, 85% of city covered with free wifi deployed by worldwifizone.com using free guest user and Facebook connect.

Russia

Serbia

Spain

  • Moralzarzal, Spain - free for inscribed citizens, limited time for visitors.[60]
  • Madrid, Spain - free and open Wi-Fi on the municipal bus system, EMT.[61]

Sweden

  • Helsingborg, Sweden - unrestricted, free and city-operated in 220 locations around the town. SSID: Helsingborg[62] Helpdesk: #freewifihbg on most social platforms.
  • Lidköping, Sweden - unrestricted, free and commercially operated. Available in town square. SSID: Lidkoping[63]
  • Örebro, Sweden - free, around Järntorget.

Switzerland

Ukraine

United Kingdom

North America

Canada

United States

In addition, a few U.S. states, such as Iowa and Massachusetts, offer free Wi-Fi service at welcome centers and roadside rest areas located along major Interstate highways.

Mexico

  • Guadalajara, Jalisco - Free, 150 parks and municipal areas. 1 hour continuous connect and 2 hour connection time allowed per day. In operation since 2011. Installation and operation is municipal government funded. A few of the areas are provided with free electrical outlets to charge / use your device.[118]
  • Mérida, Yucatán - Free. Most major city parks and other areas. Provided by Axtel and Telmex. Usually also provide standing tables with power outlets. The parks are identified by "parque en linea" (online park) signs and branding of the utility providing the connectivity. The SSID is usually "park en linea".

Oceania

  • Adelaide, Australia - AdelaideFree WiFi is a contiguous network available throughout the CBD, provided by Internode
  • Auckland, New Zealand - Citywide network based in all popular areas across Auckland including CBD and Waterfront [19] from Tomizone.
  • Perth, Australia - paid, RoamAD-based metro wide coverage in the CBD by metromesh
  • Taupo, New Zealand, paid/free large RoamAD-based zone in tourist area by Kordia Metro WiFi
  • Hawke's Bay, New Zealand, prepaid access and free 1 hr daily, available at many locations region wide by NOW
  • Wellington, New Zealand - Free Wifi at the Waterfront, CBD & Airport

South America

Planned

Africa

  • Stellenbosch, South Africa Free service. Town centre online since February 25, 2012. Coverage to be increased to whole town.[124]
  • Northpine, South Africa Paid. WISP and media delivery services as well as video surveillance focused on the suburb. Community social portal for information sharing, collaboration and local business partnerships. Proof of concept to be expanded to neighbouring areas.
  • Harare, Zimbabwe Available around the city on various hotspots. Provided by ZOL. 1 hour time limit, paid after.

Asia

Europe

North America

United States

Oceania

South America

Canceled or closed

See also

References

  1. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
  2. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
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  5. ↑ Should Municipalities Provide Wireless Internet Service? FTC Staff Report Provides Guidance to Promote Competition Template:Webarchive October 10, 2006
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  10. ↑ San Francisco pulls the plug on Google / Earthlink's citywide WiFi... for now August 6, 2007
  11. ↑ Google Wifi: Are there plans to bring Google WiFi to any other cities?
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  14. ↑ Yahoo Joins The Free-WiFi Marketing Bandwagon November 9, 2009
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External links

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