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{{commons category|Municipal wireless networks}}
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{{Infobox Website
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'''Municipal wireless network''' ('''Municipal Wi-Fi''', '''Muni Wi-Fi''' or '''Muni-Fi''') is a citywide [[wireless network]]. This is usually done by providing [[municipal broadband]] via [[Wi-Fi]] to large parts or all of a municipal area by deploying a [[wireless mesh network]]. The typical deployment design uses hundreds of [[wireless access point]]s deployed outdoors, often on poles. The operator of the network acts as a [[wireless internet service provider]].
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| name = Postcrossing
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| logo = [[Image:Postcrossing Project Logo.png]]
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| screenshot =
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| caption =
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| url = [https://www.postcrossing.com postcrossing.com]
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| alexa = {{DecreasePositive}} 24,432 ({{as of|2017|5|alt=May 2017}})<ref name="alexa">{{cite web|url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/postcrossing.com |title= Postcrossing.com Site Info | publisher= [[Alexa Internet]] |accessdate= 2014-04-01 }}</ref><!--Updated monthly by OKBot.-->
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| commercial =
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| type = Project website
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| language = English
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| registration = Yes
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| owner = Postcrossing Lda.
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| author = Paulo Magalhães
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| launch date = 14 July 2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postcrossing.com/about/history |title=Postcrossing. History |publisher=Postcrossing.com |date=2005-07-14 |accessdate=2013-01-23}}</ref>
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| current status =
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| revenue =
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| slogan = "Send a postcard and receive a postcard back from a random person somewhere in the world!"
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}}
  
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== Overview ==
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'''Postcrossing''' is an online [[project]] that allows its members to send and receive [[postcard]]s from all over the world. The project's tag line is "send a postcard and receive a postcard back from a random person somewhere in the world!”<ref>{{cite web | last = Magalhães| first = Paulo | title = Postcrossing| url = http://www.postcrossing.com | accessdate = 2009-01-01 }}</ref> Its members, also known as '''postcrossers''', send postcards to other members and receive postcards back from other random postcrossers. Where the postcards come from is always a surprise.
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[[File:Metro Wireless Node.jpg|thumb| A municipal Wi-Fi antenna in [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]]]]
 
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Municipal wireless networks go far beyond the existing [[Piggybacking (internet access)|piggybacking]] opportunities available near public libraries and some coffee shops. The basic premise of carpeting an area with wireless service in urban centers is that it is more economical to the community to provide the service as a utility rather than to have individual households and businesses pay private firms for such a service. Such networks are capable of enhancing city management and public safety, especially when used directly by city employees in the field. They can also be a social service to those who cannot afford private high-speed services. When the network service is free and a small number of clients consume a majority of the available capacity, operating and regulating the network might prove difficult.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reason.org/ps349.pdf |title=A Dynamic Perspective on Government Broadband Initiatives |accessdate=2007-08-18 |last=Ellig |first=Jerry |date=November 2006 |format=PDF |publisher=Reason Magazine |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930190341/http://www.reason.org/ps349.pdf |archivedate=2007-09-30 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muniwireless.com/|title=MuniWireless: WiFi, LTE, mobile apps, broadband|work=MuniWireless: WiFi, LTE, 4G}}</ref>
 
  
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In 2003, [[Verge Wireless]] formed an agreement with [[Tropos Networks]] to build a municipal wireless networks in the downtown area of [[Baton Rouge]], Louisiana.<ref>[http://www.rcrwireless.com/article/20030910/wi-fi/verge-wireless-to-deploy-Portland-Michigan-wi-fi-network-with-tropos-gear/] September 10, 2003</ref> Carlo MacDonald, the founder of Verge Wireless, suggested that it could provide cities a way to improve economic development and developers to build mobile applications that can make use of faster bandwidth. Verge Wireless built networks for Baton Rouge, New Orleans,<ref>[http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20041110005311/en/Verge-Wireless-Selects-Tropos-Networks-Gear-Unwire] Los Angeles</ref> and other areas. Some applications include wireless security cameras, police mug shot software, and location-based advertising.
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Postcrossing is the union of the words "postcard" and "crossing" and its origin "is loosely based on the [[Bookcrossing]] site".<ref>{{cite web | last = 129860 | first = Sho| date = 2006-05-08 | title = Postcrossing - The Postcard Crossing Project | publisher  = BBC H2G2 | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A10726850 | accessdate = 2009-01-01 }}</ref> However, the "crossing" or exchange of postcards works in a different way. A member sends a postcard to another postcrosser and receives a postcard back from a random postcrosser. Exchanges between the same two members only occur once; although direct swaps between members happen, they are not part of the official happenings on the site. The project is completely free and anyone with an address can create an account. However, the postcards themselves and postage fees to mail them are the responsibility of each user.
  
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In 2006 the US [[Federal Trade Commission]] expressed concerns about such [[private-public partnership]]s as trending towards a [[Government-granted monopoly|franchise monopoly]].<ref>[http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2006/10/muniwireless.shtm Should Municipalities Provide Wireless Internet Service? FTC Staff Report Provides Guidance to Promote Competition] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103201214/http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2006/10/muniwireless.shtm |date=2007-11-03 }} October 10, 2006</ref>
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By June 2015 postcrossing had more than 554,570 members in 213 different countries<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postcrossing.com/stats/users|title=Users Stats|publisher=postcrossing.com|accessdate=2014-08-10}}</ref> who had registered and exchanged over 30 million postcards that have traveled over 151 billion kilometers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postcrossing.com/stats/postcards|title=Postcards Stats|publisher=postcrossing.com|accessdate=2014-08-10}}</ref>
  
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In 2007, some companies with existing [[cell site]]s offered high-speed wireless services where the laptop owner purchased a PC card or adapter based on [[EV-DO]] cellular data receivers or [[WiMAX]] rather than [[802.11b/g]]. A few high-end laptops at that time featured built-in support for these newer protocols. WiMAX is designed to implement a [[metropolitan area network]] (MAN) while 802.11 is designed to implement a wireless [[local area network]] (LAN).
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The highest concentration of postcrossing members reside (in order) in the United States, Russia, China, Taiwan, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Finland, Belarus, Ukraine and Brazil.<ref>Postcrossing statistics page</ref> Globally, most postcrossers reside in North America, Europe, and East Asia. Of particular note, postcrossing is popular in eastern European and former-Soviet states. As of January 2012, more than a quarter of the combined total of postcards were sent from Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine.<ref name="stats">{{cite web | last = Magalhães| first = Paulo | date = 2010-03-28 | title = Postcrossing Stats | url = http://www.postcrossing.com/stats | accessdate = 2010-03-28 }}</ref>
  
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Within the United States, providing a municipal wireless network is not recognized as a priority. Some have argued that the benefits of public approach may exceed the costs, similar to [[cable television]].<ref>
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==How it works==
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*[http://www.muniwireless.com/reports/docs/March-31-2007summary.pdf Muniwireless.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928085801/http://www.muniwireless.com/reports/docs/March-31-2007summary.pdf |date=2007-09-28 }}
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The main idea is that if a member sends a postcard he or she will receive at least one postcard back from a random postcrosser somewhere in the world.
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*{{cite web|url=http://w2i.com/resource_center/case_study |title=Case Study Database |work=w2i.com }}
 
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*[http://www.news.com/Municipal-broadband-and-wireless-projects-map/2009-1034_3-5690287.html Municipal broadband and wireless projects map of USA | CNET News.com] last updated 2005</ref>
 
  
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==Finance==
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The first step is to request to send a postcard. The website will display, and send the member an e-mail with, the address of another postcrosser and a postcard ID (e.g.: US-787). The postcard ID uniquely identifies that postcard in the system. The member then mails a postcard to that postcrosser and writes the postcard ID on it. The postcrosser receives the postcard and registers it using the postcard ID that is on the postcard. At this point, the sender is eligible to receive a postcard from a different postcrosser.<ref>{{cite web | last = Crews| first = Barbara| date = 2007-07-01 | title = Random Postcards from Around the World: Postcrossing!| publisher  = about.com | url = http://collectibles.about.com/od/postcards/a/postcrossing707.htm | accessdate = 2009-01-01 }}</ref>
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The construction of such networks is a significant part of their lifetime costs. Usually, a private firm works with local government to construct a network and operate it. Financing is usually shared by both the private firm and the municipal government. Once operational, the service may be free to users via public finance or advertising, or may be a paid service. Among deployed networks, usage as measured by number of distinct users has been shown to be moderate to light. Private firms serving multiple cities sometimes maintain an account for each user, and allow the user a limited amount of mobile service in the cities covered. As of 2007 some Muni WiFi deployments are delayed as the private and public partners negotiate the business model and financing.<ref>
 
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*[http://www.teleclick.ca/2006/06/earthlink%e2%80%99s-citywide-wi-fi-gamble-is-a-calculated-risk/ EarthLink’s Citywide Wi-Fi Gamble is a Calculated Risk] June 6, 2006
 
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*[http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2007/tc20070814_929868.htm Why Wi-Fi Networks Are Floundering: Faced with weak user demand, AT&T and other telecoms are stepping up pressure on cities to foot more of the bill for muni Wi-Fi projects] August 15, 2007
 
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*[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,274733,00.html Companies Grow Wary of Building Out Municipal Wi-Fi Networks] May 23, 2007
 
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*{{cite news |first=Jane |last=Wakefield |title=City wi-fi plans under scrutiny |date=2007-06-05 |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6722977.stm |accessdate=2007-06-06}}</ref><ref name=charny>{{cite web
 
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|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/san-francisco-formally-ends-citywide/story.aspx?guid=%7BCCFE5024-4078-4969-B8B3-A977B076018D%7D
 
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|title=San Francisco formally ends citywide Wi-Fi effort
 
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|first=Ben
 
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|last=Charny
 
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|publisher=MarketWatch
 
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|date=2007-09-12
 
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|accessdate=2007-09-27}}</ref><ref name=wu>{{cite web
 
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|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2174858/pagenum/2/
 
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|title=Where's My Free Wi-Fi? Why municipal wireless networks have been such a flop.
 
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|first=Tim
 
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|last=Wu
 
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|publisher=Slate
 
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|date=2007-09-27
 
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|accessdate=2007-09-27}}</ref>
 
  
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In such networks, radio communication is used both for the Wi-Fi service and for the "[[Backhaul (telecommunications)|backhaul]]" or pathway to the Internet. This means that the nodes only need a wire for power (hence the habit of installing them on power and light utility poles). This "all radio" approach means that nodes must be within range of each other and form a contiguous pathway back to special aggregation nodes that have more traditional access to the Internet. Nodes then relay traffic, somewhat like a [[bucket brigade]], from the laptop to the aggregation node. This limits the way in which the network can be grown incrementally: coverage starts near the aggregation point and, as the mesh grows, new coverage can only grow out from the edge of the mesh. If a new, isolated area is to be covered, then a new aggregation point must be constructed. Private firms often take a phased approach, starting with one or a few sectors of a city to demonstrate competence before making the larger investment of attempting full coverage of a city.
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Initially each member can have up to 5 postcards traveling at any single time. Every time one of the sent postcards is registered, that postcrosser can request another address. The number of postcards allowed to travel at any single time goes up the more postcards a member sends and stops at 100.<ref>{{cite web | last = Magalhães | first = Paulo| title = Postcrossing - Help - How many postcards can I send? | publisher  = postcrossing.com | url = http://www.postcrossing.com/help/how-many-postcards-can-i-send | accessdate = 2009-01-01 }}</ref>
  
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[[Google WiFi]] is entirely funded by Google. Despite a failed attempt to provide citywide WiFi through a partnership with internet service provider Earthlink in 2007,<ref>[https://www.engadget.com/2007/08/06/san-francisco-pulls-the-plug-on-google-earthlinks-citywide-wi/ San Francisco pulls the plug on Google / Earthlink's citywide WiFi... for now] August 6, 2007</ref> the company claims that they are working to provide a wireless network for the city of San Francisco, California, although there is no specified completion date.<ref>[https://support.google.com/wifi/bin/answer.py?hl=en&query=other+cities&answer=44367 Google Wifi: Are there plans to bring Google WiFi to any other cities?]</ref> Some other projects that are still in the planning stages have pared back their planned coverage from 100% of a municipal area to only densely commercially zoned areas. One of the most ambitious planned projects is to provide wireless service throughout [[Silicon Valley]], but the winner of the bid seems ready to request that the 40 cities involved help cover more of the cost, which has raised concerns that the project will ultimately be too slow to market to be a success. Advances in technology in 2005–2007 may allow [[wireless community network]] projects to offer a viable alternative. Such projects have an advantage in that, as they do not have to negotiate with government entities, they have no contractual obligations for coverage. A promising example is [[Meraki]]'s demonstration in San Francisco, which already claims 20,000 distinct users as of October 2007.<ref>
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The postcrossing system allows for the same two members to exchange postcards only once. By default, members will exchange postcards with countries other than their own; however, the users can decide to exchange postcards with other users in his or her own country. Users are allowed to untick the "send to repeated countries" option in their profile, however this does not guarantee no repetitions.
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*[http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9244199 Easier said than done: Second thoughts about municipal Wi-Fi] May 25, 2007
 
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*[http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201200308 Silicon Valley Cities Pause, Reflect On Muni Wi-Fi Commitments: The cities are studying whether to participate in an ambitious project to unwire several million people. The project has already encountered problems.] July 23, 2007
 
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*[http://svextra.com/blogs/gmsv/2007/08/municipal_wifi_--_no_wires_lots_of_strings.html Municipal WiFi — no wires, lots of strings]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019022743/http://svextra.com/blogs/gmsv/2007/08/municipal_wifi_--_no_wires_lots_of_strings.html |date=2007-10-19 }} August 6, 2007
 
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*[http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,137233-page,1-c,networking/article.html It's Crunch Time for Silicon Valley Wi-Fi: An executive backing Silicon Valley's wireless network expects test sites to be built this year.] September 16, 2007
 
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*[http://www.siliconvalley.com/ci_6554029 Municipal WiFi: A not-so-free lunch] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405194648/http://www.siliconvalley.com/ci_6554029 |date=2008-04-05 }} August 6, 2007
 
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*[http://www.news.com/Citywide-Wi-Fi-isnt-dead-yet/2100-7351_3-6209837.html?tag=item Citywide Wi-Fi isn't dead yet] September 25, 2007
 
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*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119077526843539656 Free Wi-Fi Still an Elusive Goal] September 26, 2007</ref>
 
  
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In 2009, Microsoft and Yahoo also provided free wireless to select regions in the United States. Yahoo's free WiFi was made available for one year to the Times Square area in New York City beginning November 10, 2009.<ref>[http://www.pcworld.com/article/181852/free_wifi_wars_google_vs_microsoft_vs_yahoo.html?tk=mod_rel Free Wi-Fi Wars: Google vs. Microsoft vs. Yahoo] November 10, 2009</ref><ref>[http://paidcontent.org/article/419-yahoo-joins-the-free-wifi-marketing-bandwagon/ Yahoo Joins The Free-WiFi Marketing Bandwagon] November 9, 2009</ref> Microsoft made free WiFi available to select airports and hotels across the United States, in exchange for one search on the Bing search engine by the user.<ref>[http://www.mediapost.com/publications/?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=117007 Microsoft Bing Gives WiFi Users Free Search] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410075109/http://www.mediapost.com/publications/?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=117007 |date=2010-04-10 }} November 9, 2009</ref>
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A small percentage of mailed postcards get lost during their travels; others may arrive with the postcard ID unreadable and are difficult to register. There are also members who become inactive while postcards are on the way to them. The system behind the website accounts for all these factors and compensates active members by attempting to reduce the difference between the number of sent and received postcards of each member.
  
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==Potential externalities==
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==Users distribution==
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{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2011}}
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''Last updated May 28, 2016.''
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Unintended [[externalities]] are possible as a result of local governments providing Internet service to their constituents. A private service provider could choose to offer limited or no service to a region if that region's largest city opted to provide free Internet service, thus eliminating the potential customer base. The private sector receives no money from taxpayers, so there isn't competition. The lack of competition prevents other municipalities in that region from benefiting from the services of the private provider.<ref name="Flows">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2016/04/26/government-owned-internet-failure/#2abdc05f5137|title=The Failures Of Government-Owned Internet|last=Flows|first=Capital|access-date=2016-08-04}}</ref> The smaller public municipalities would at the same time not benefit from the free service provided by the larger city because it is designed to be subsidized by taxpayers and not concerned about the maximization of profits. The broadband provided by the government isn't largely supported to create an income on top of the private sector not being competed with enough to make a profit. Thus, making both municipal wireless networks anticompetitive.<ref name="Flows"/>
 
  
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Overuse could be another issue. If usage of the publicly provided network became heavier than existing private options network overload issues could arise, forcing the municipality to invest more heavily, thus spending more revenue, on infrastructure to maintain the existing level of service. This issue could be compounded if private providers begin exiting a market as mentioned above.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://watchdog.org/267073/government-broadband-report/|title=Report: Government broadband should be a 'last resort' - Watchdog.org|date=2016-06-06|language=en-US|access-date=2016-08-03}}</ref>
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{|
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|-
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|
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
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|+ Countries with most users <ref name="countries">{{cite web |title=Countries in Postcrossing |url=https://www.postcrossing.com/explore/countries |website=Postcrossing |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6hqI2Vjpl?url=https://www.postcrossing.com/explore/countries |archivedate=28 May 2016 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
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|-
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! Ranking
 +
! Country
 +
! Users
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|-
 +
|1.
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|{{RUS}}
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|76,440
 +
|-
 +
|2.
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|{{TWN}}
 +
|67,359
 +
|-
 +
|3.
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|{{CHN}}
 +
|58,313
 +
|-
 +
|4.
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|{{USA}}
 +
|57,976
 +
|-
 +
|5.
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|{{GER}}
 +
|45,094
 +
|-
 +
|6.
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|{{NLD}}
 +
|37,550
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|-
 +
|7.
 +
|{{POL}}
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|28,672
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|-
 +
|8.
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|{{BLR}}
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|25,130
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|-
 +
|9.
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|{{UKR}}
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|24,193
 +
|-
 +
|10.
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|{{FIN}}
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|19,326
 +
|-
 +
|11.
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|{{CZE}}
 +
|17,045
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|-
 +
|12.
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|{{GBR}}
 +
|13,088
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|-
 +
|13.
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|{{FRA}}
 +
|11,287
 +
|-
 +
|14.
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|{{CAN}}
 +
|8,674
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|-
 +
|15.
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|{{JPN}}
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|8,151
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|}
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|
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable"
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|+ Countries with most sent postcards <ref name="countries" />
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|-
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! Ranking
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! Country
 +
! Sent postcards
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|-
 +
|1.
 +
|{{GER}}
 +
|4,876,247
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|-
 +
|2.
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|{{RUS}}
 +
|4,025,093
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|-
 +
|3.
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|{{USA}}
 +
|3,635,575
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|-
 +
|4.
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|{{NLD}}
 +
|3,206,159
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|-
 +
|5.
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|{{FIN}}
 +
|2,554,294
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|-
 +
|6.
 +
|{{BLR}}
 +
|1,683,814
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|-
 +
|7.
 +
|{{TWN}}
 +
|1,621,621
 +
|-
 +
|8.
 +
|{{CHN}}
 +
|1,608,770
 +
|-
 +
|9.
 +
|{{UKR}}
 +
|1,217,030
 +
|-
 +
|10.
 +
|{{POL}}
 +
|1,022,271
 +
|-
 +
|11.
 +
|{{CZE}}
 +
|822,018
 +
|-
 +
|12.
 +
|{{JPN}}
 +
|760,167
 +
|-
 +
|13.
 +
|{{GBR}}
 +
|704,825
 +
|-
 +
|14.
 +
|{{FRA}}
 +
|625,021
 +
|-
 +
|15.
 +
|{{CAN}}
 +
|576,306
 +
|}
 +
|}
  
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==Cities with municipal Wi-Fi service==
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==History==
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In many cases several points or areas are covered, without blanket area coverage.
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The idea for the project was created by Paulo Magalhães, who started the site on July 14, 2005. The motivation was based on the fact that he liked to receive mail, especially postcards.<ref>{{cite web | last = Faxon | first = Hilary | date = 2008-07-17 | title = Interview: Paulo Magalhães, Founder of Postcrossing.com | publisher  = shanghaiist.com | url = http://shanghaiist.com/2008/07/17/interview_with_postcrossing_founder.php| accessdate = 2009-01-01 }}</ref> “The element of surprise of receiving postcards from different places in the world (many of which you’d probably never have heard of) can turn your mailbox into a box of surprises – and who wouldn’t like that?”<ref>{{cite journal | last = Widmer | first = Laurent | year = 2008 | title = Where is your postcard? | url = http://www.upu.int/union_postale/2008/en/1.pdf | journal = Union Postale | pages =  | accessdate = 2009-01-01}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
  
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===Africa===
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The project started initially as a hobby for Magalhães, but its unexpected success revealed that the idea was more popular than he ever predicted. He initially hosted the project on an old computer housed in a clothes closet at his home; this setup quickly was shown to be insufficient. Based on word of mouth, the project quickly expanded over the Portuguese borders where the project was developed.
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* [[Luxor, Egypt]] - pilot, paid service in tourist areas<ref name=WIESC>{{cite web|url=http://www.connected-egypt.org/|title=Index of /|work=connected-egypt.org}}</ref>
 
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* [[Sharm el-Sheikh]], Egypt - pilot, paid service, tourist areas, EgyNet<ref name=WIESC />
 
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* [[Johannesburg]] - [[City of Johannesburg]] is currently{{when|date=April 2016}} rolling out free Wi-Fi to many suburbs as well as the city center.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
  
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===Asia===
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Over time the project received attention from the media which contributed to its growth and popularity. Postcrossing reached its first million exchanged postcards on April 11, 2008 and has since grown even more rapidly.<ref>{{cite web | last = postcrossing.com | date = 2008-04-11 | title = Postcrossing Hits 1 Million Exchanged Cards | publisher  = prlog.org | url = http://www.prlog.org/10063670-postcrossing-hits-1-million-exchanged-cards.html | accessdate = 2009-01-01 }}</ref> It reached the second million on February 26, 2009, with a postcard that traveled from Germany to Norway.<ref>{{cite web | last = postcrossing.com | date = 2009-02-26 | title = 2 million received postcards! YAY! Can you believe it? | url = http://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2009/02/26/2-million-received-postcards-yay-can-you-believe-it | accessdate = 2009-03-02 }}</ref> The third million was reached on September 24, 2009 with a postcard traveling from Finland to Slovenia.<ref>{{cite web | last = postcrossing.com | date = 2009-09-25 | title = One, two, three! 3 million postcrossing postcards! | url = http://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2009/09/24/one-two-three-3-million-postcrossing-postcards | accessdate = 2009-09-26 }}</ref> The fourth million was reached on March 28, 2010 with a postcard traveling from the Czech Republic to the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web | last = postcrossing.com | date = 2010-03-28 | title = 4 000 000 postcards!! :D      | url = http://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2010/03/28/4-000-000-postcards-d | accessdate = 2010-03-28 }}</ref> The popularity of the site has led to the academic community exploring what makes postcrossing so successful and what other digital communication technologies can learn from that success.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Understanding Participation and Opportunities for Design from an Online Postcard Sending Community|url = http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2317956.2318041|publisher = ACM|journal = Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference|date = 2012-01-01|location = New York, NY, USA|isbn = 978-1-4503-1210-3|pages = 568–571|series = DIS '12|doi = 10.1145/2317956.2318041|first = Ryan|last = Kelly|first2 = Daniel|last2 = Gooch}}</ref>
  
−
====Cambodia====
+
Postcrossing.com celebrated its five-year anniversary on July 14, 2010 with a photography contest for its members.<ref>{{cite web | last = postcrossing.com | date = 2010-07-14 | title = 5 years and counting | url = http://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2010/07/13/5-years-and-counting | accessdate = 2010-07-14 }}</ref> Shortly after celebrating their fifth birthday, Postcrossing.com reached 5,000,000 postcards received on August 24, 2010 with a postcard traveling from Isle of Man (registered under an Italian member) to Thailand.<ref>{{cite web | last = postcrossing.com | date = 2010-08-24 | title = 5000000 postcards received! | url = http://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2010/08/24/5000000-postcards-received | accessdate = 2010-08-24 }}</ref>  The 7,000,000th postcard was sent on April 4, 2011 from China and received on April 19, 2011 in the Netherlands.<ref>[http://forum.postcrossing.com/viewthread.php?tid=55338 Postcrossing post 7,000,000th card] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502125755/http://forum.postcrossing.com/viewthread.php?tid=55338 |date=May 2, 2011 }}</ref> The 10,000,000th postcard travelled from Japan to Germany and was registered on January 27, 2012;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2012/01/27/10-000-000-registered-postcards |title=10,000,000 registered postcards! |publisher=Postcrossing.com |date=2012-01-27 |accessdate=2013-01-23}}</ref> the 15,000,000th postcard travelled from Germany to Italy and was registered on December 31, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2012/12/31/15-000-000-postcards-registered |title=15,000,000 postcards registered! |publisher=Postcrossing.com |date= |accessdate=2013-01-23}}</ref> At the moment, 1,000,000 postcards are registered in about 2 months. In January 2017 the number of postcards passed 39 million.
−
* [[Phnom Penh]] - WiCam, Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wicam.com.kh/index.php/en/about-us|title=About Us|author=Super User|work=wicam.com.kh}}</ref>
 
  
−
====China====
+
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 +
|-
 +
! Date !! Time (UTC) !! Million postcards !! From !! To
 +
|-
 +
| April 11, 2008 || 4:00&nbsp;p.m. || 1 || {{TUR}} || {{ROM}}
 +
|-
 +
| February 26, 2009 || 6:30&nbsp;a.m. || 2 || {{GER}} || {{NOR}}
 +
|-
 +
| September 24, 2009 || 4:10&nbsp;p.m. || 3 || {{FIN}} ||{{SLO}}
 +
|-
 +
| March 28, 2010 || 11:20&nbsp;a.m. || 4 || {{CZE}} || {{NED}}
 +
|-
 +
| August 24, 2010 || 8:00&nbsp;p.m. || 5 || {{ITA}} || {{NOR}}
 +
|-
 +
| December 30, 2010 || 12:00&nbsp;p.m. || 6 || {{SPA}} || {{GER}}
 +
|-
 +
| April 19, 2011 || 7:00&nbsp;p.m. || 7 || {{CHN}} || {{NED}}
 +
|-
 +
| August 2, 2011 || 11:30&nbsp;a.m. || 8 || {{FIN}} || {{JPN}}
 +
|-
 +
| November 3, 2011 || 7:00&nbsp;a.m. || 9 || {{CHN}} || {{RUS}}
 +
|-
 +
| January 27, 2012 || 4:50&nbsp;p.m. || 10 || {{JPN}} || {{GER}}
 +
|-
 +
| April 3, 2012 || 9:10&nbsp;p.m. || 11 || {{USA}} || {{ISL}}
 +
|-
 +
| June 12, 2012 || 7:30&nbsp;p.m. || 12 || {{USA}} || {{NED}}
 +
|-
 +
| August 22, 2012 || 6:10&nbsp;a.m. || 13 || {{HKG}} || {{ RUS}}
 +
|-
 +
| October 25, 2012 || 9:50&nbsp;p.m. || 14 || {{NED}} || {{HND}}
 +
|-
 +
| December 31, 2012 || 1:46&nbsp;p.m. || 15 || {{GER}} || {{ITA}}
 +
|-
 +
| March 4, 2013 || 8:21&nbsp;a.m. || 16 || {{UKR}} || {{RUS}}
 +
|-
 +
| May 1, 2013 || 0:21&nbsp;a.m. || 17 || {{RUS}} || {{AUS}}
 +
|-
 +
| July 3, 2013 || 5:53&nbsp;a.m. || 18 || {{FIN}} || {{TWN}}
 +
|-
 +
| September 2, 2013 || 3:08&nbsp;a.m. || 19 || {{UKR}} || {{GER}}
 +
|-
 +
| October 28, 2013 || 10:50&nbsp;p.m. || 20 || {{USA}} || {{TWN}}
 +
|-
 +
| December 23, 2013 || || 21 || {{NED}} || {{ITA}}
 +
|-
 +
| February 17, 2014 || || 22 || {{NED}} || {{POL}}
 +
|-
 +
| March 29, 2014 || || 23 || {{GER}} || {{AUS}}<ref>{{cite web|author=Postcrossing Project|url=http://www.postcrossing.com/postcards/DE-3043747|title=Postcard DE-3043747 (Germany)|work=Postcrossing.com|date=2014-04-10|accessdate=2014-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/postcrossing/status/454211922511290368|title=Here's the lucky postcard ...|author=Postcrossing Project|date=2014-04-10|work=Twitter|accessdate=2014-04-11}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| May 31, 2014 || || 24 || {{LAT}} || {{JAP}}<ref>{{cite web|author=Postcrossing Project|url=http://www.postcrossing.com/postcards/LV-150063|title=Postcard LV-150063 (Latvia)|work=Postcrossing.com|date=2014-05-31|accessdate=2014-06-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/postcrossing/status/476282527377027072|title=Here it is, lucky postcard ...|author=Postcrossing Project|date=2014-06-10|work=Twitter|accessdate=2014-06-17}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| August 10, 2014 || 11:02&nbsp;a.m. || 25 || {{NED}} || {{GER}}<ref>{{cite web|author=Postcrossing Project|url=http://www.postcrossing.com/postcards/NL-2612179|title=Postcard NL-2612179 (Netherlands)|work=Postcrossing.com|date=2014-08-10|accessdate=2014-08-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2014/08/10/25-million-postcards|title=25 million postcards!|author=Postcrossing Project|date=2014-08-10|accessdate=2014-08-10}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| October 10, 2014 || || 26<ref>{{cite web|author=Postcrossing Project|url=https://twitter.com/postcrossing/status/520420202367156225|work=Twitter|date=2014-10-10|accessdate=2014-10-10}}</ref> || ||
 +
|-
 +
| June 2, 2015 || || 30<ref>{{cite web|author=Ana (meiadaleite)|url=https://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2015/06/02/30-million-postcards|work=Postcrossing blog|title=30 Million Postcards!|date=2015-06-02|accessdate=2015-06-02}}</ref> || {{GER}} || {{POR}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postcrossing.com/postcards/DE-4221494|title=Postcard DE-4221494 (Germany)|date=2015-06-02|accessdate=2015-06-02|author=Postcrossing Project|work=Postcrossing.com}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| February 13, 2017 || 6:39&nbsp;a.m. || 40 || {{TWN}} || {{FRA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2017/02/13/40-million-postcards |title=40 Million Postcards! |date=2017-02-13|accessdate=2017-04-04|author=Postcrossing Project|work=Postcrossing.com}}</ref>
 +
|}
  
−
Free public wifi in tourist areas of big cities, railway stations, airports, and governmental facilities in [[Shanghai]], [[Beijing]], [[Tianjin]], [[Harbin]], [[Shenyang]], [[Shenzhen]], [[Kunming]], [[Hangzhou]], [[Suzhou]], [[Wuxi]], [[Nanjing]], [[Xi'an]], [[Chengdu]], [[Chongqing]], [[Fuzhou]], [[Ningbo]], [[Foshan]], [[Dalian]], [[Changchun]], [[Qingdao]], [[Yantai]], [[Dongguan]], [[Macau]], [[Huangshan]], [[Hefei]], [[Guiyang]], and [[Guangzhou]]
+
==Postcrossing-themed stamps==
−
* [[Hong Kong]] - most are subscribed, paid services, but free service in selected governmental facilities is also available<ref name="Public Wi-Fi Services"/>
+
[[File:Stamp of Russia 2015 No 1911 Postcrossing.jpg|thumb|160px|I &#x2764; postcrossing. <small>Russian Post, 2015</small>]]
−
*[[Shanghai]] - city network in tourist areas, governmental facilities, and the districts of Jiading, Minhang, Pudong, Songjiang, Baoshan, and Puxi are covered. Public Wifi in various shopping malls, restaurants, stores, along with [[Pudong Airport]], [[Hongqiao Airport]], and all railway stations.
+
[[File:51-2013-12-11-m.jpg|thumb|left|160px|[[Belarus]]ian postcrossing-themed stamp]]
−
*[[Beijing]] - Citywide network covers most districts, including downtown, along with public wifi by stores, shopping malls, and restaurants, along with Government Facilities, transportation centers, and [[Beijing Capital International Airport]].
+
On October 11, 2011, PostNL released the first set of Dutch Postcrossing-themed stamps at the philatelic exhibition Postex in Apeldoorn.<ref>{{cite web|title=Postcrossing stamp launch|url=https://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2011/10/17/postcrossing-stamp-launch-postnl-contest|website=Postcrossing.com}}</ref> The sheet of 10 stamps was designed by communication agency [[The Stone Twins]], and depicted different types of postcards seemingly strewn about (as if scattered on a doormat).<ref>{{cite web|title=The Postcrossing stamp launch|url=https://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2011/10/12/the-postcrossing-stamp-launch|website=Postcrossing.com}}</ref>
−
*[[Tianjin]] - Citywide network, along with Tourist areas and railway stations including [[Tianjin Binhai International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Harbin]] - Network in downtown, railway stations, Shopping malls, and [[Harbin Taiping International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Shenyang]] - Railway Stations, Tourist Areas, Shopping malls, and [[Shenyang Taoxian International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Shenzhen]] - Limited to Downtown, Tourist areas, Shopping malls, railway stations, and [[Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Hangzhou]] - Downtown wifi, tourist areas, railway stations, and [[Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Suzhou]] - Downtown wifi, tourist areas, and railway stations.
 
−
*[[Wuxi]] - [[Sunan Shuofang International Airport]], Downtown, Tourist areas, railway stations, and shopping malls.
 
−
*[[Nanjing]] - Downtown, along with full district coverage, tourist areas, Railway stations, shopping malls, plazas, and [[Nanjing Lukou International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Xi'an]] - Downtown, tourist areas, railway stations, shopping malls, and [[Xi'an Xianyang International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Chengdu]] - Coverage in many areas, including downtown, plazas, and tourist areas, including [[Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Chongqing]] - Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, and [[Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Fuzhou]] - Coverage in downtown, railway stations, tourist areas, and [[Fuzhou Changle International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Ningbo]] - Tourist areas, railway stations, tourist areas, and [[Ningbo Lishe International Airport ]]
 
−
*[[Foshan]] - Downtown Coverage, Tourist Areas, railway stations, and [[Foshan Shadi Airport]]
 
−
*[[Dalian]] - Downtown Coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, and [[Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Changchun]] - Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, shopping malls, and [[Changchun Longjia International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Qingdao]] - Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, shopping malls, and [[Qingdao Liuting International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Yantai]] - Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, shopping malls, and [[Yantai Penglai International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Dongguan]] - Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, shopping malls, and plazas, including shops, and communities.
 
−
*[[Macau]] - Downtown Coverage, including transportation centers, tourist areas, shopping malls, and [[Macau International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Huangshan]] - Downtown Coverage, including transportation centers, tourist areas, shopping malls, and [[Huangshan Tunxi International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Hefei]] - Downtown Coverage, including transportation centers, tourist areas, shopping malls, and [[Hefei Xinqiao International Airport ]]
 
−
*[[Guiyang]] - Downtown Coverage, including transportation centers, tourist areas, shopping malls, and [[Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Guangzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Wuhan]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Wuhan Tianhe International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Jinan]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Ordos (city)|Ordos]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Ordos Ejin Horo Airport]]
 
−
*[[Xiamen]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Zhengzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Changsha]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Changsha Huanghua International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Shijiazhuang]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Nanning]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Nanning Wuxu International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Luoyang]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Luoyang Beijiao Airport]]
 
−
*[[Haikou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Haikou Meilan International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Xuzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Xuzhou Guanyin Airport]]
 
−
*[[Nanchang]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Nanchang Changbei International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Changzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Changzhou Benniu Airport]]
 
−
*[[Guilin]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Guilin Liangjiang International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Zhuhai]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Zhuhai Jinwan Airport]]
 
−
*[[Wenzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Wenzhou Longwan International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Tangshan]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Tangshan Sannühe Airport]]
 
−
*[[Lanzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport ]]
 
−
*[[Xuzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Xuzhou Guanyin Airport]]
 
−
*[[Changsha]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Changsha Huanghua International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Tangshan]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Tangshan Sannühe Airport]]
 
−
*[[Nantong]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Nantong Xingdong Airport]]
 
−
*[[Taiyuan]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Taiyuan Wusu International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Shantou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Jieyang Chaoshan International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Yangzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Yangzhou Taizhou Airport]]
 
−
*[[Quanzhou]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Quanzhou Jinjiang International Airport]]
 
−
*[[Kaifeng]] - Downtown Coverage
 
−
*[[Yichang]] - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and [[Yichang Sanxia Airport]]
 
  
−
Nearly all cities have free wifi coverage, hosted either by their local service carrier, or city government, all railway stations in China have free wifi, along with all Airports.
+
Finland was the second country to follow suit, with [[Itella]] launching their own stamps in honor of Postcrossing on September 9, 2013. Designed by [https://web.archive.org/web/20170221005515/http://www.kokoromoi.com/ Kokoro & Moi], the set includes 4 different first-class stamps.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Postcrossing stamps... from Finland!|url=https://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2013/05/21/new-postcrossing-stamps-from-finland|website=Postcrossing.com}}</ref>
  
−
====India====
+
On January 2, 2014, [[Belposhta]] also launched their own Postcrossing-themed stamps in Belarus. The stamp was designed by Inga Turlo and features the words "Happy Postcrossing" in both English and Belarusian.<ref>{{cite web|title=A new Postcrossing stamp, from Belarus!|url=https://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2013/12/24/a-new-postcrossing-stamp-from-belarus|website=Postcrossing.com}}</ref>
−
* [[Ahmedabad, India|Ahmedabad]] - [[Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited (RJIL)|Reliance Jio]] started free [[4G]] services in select areas{{citation needed|date = April 2016}}
 
−
* [[Bangalore]] - free coverage of [[M G Road, Bangalore|M.G. Road]] and [[Brigade Road, Bangalore|Brigade Road]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/personal-tech/computing/Bangalore-first-Indian-city-to-get-free-Wi-Fi-hotspots/articleshow/19061224.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Bangalore, first Indian city to get free Wi-Fi hotspots - The Times of India}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Delhi]] - free Wi-Fi service in Delhi's Khan Market (August 2014),<ref>
 
−
*{{cite news| url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/ndmc-wi-fi-service-khan-market-connaught-place-dot/1/209319.html | work=Business Today | title=Free Wi-Fi service starts in Khan Market - Business Today}}
 
−
*{{cite news| url=http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/free-wi-fi-in-delhis-khan-market-connaught-place-next-in-line-229369.html | work=Tech 2 Firstpost | title=Free Wi-Fi in Delhi’s Khan market - Tech 2 Firstpost}}</ref> free WiFi service in Delhi's Connaught Place (November 2014),<ref>
 
−
*{{cite news| url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/free-wifi-service-starts-in-delhis-connaught-place/513251-11.html | work=IBN Live | title=Free WiFi service starts in Delhi's Connaught Place - IBN Live}}
 
−
*{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/connaught-place-is-now-a-wifi-hotspot/article6606760.ece | work=The Hindu | title=Connaught Place is now a Wi-Fi hotspot - The Hindu}}</ref> free Wi-Fi service at [[New Delhi Railway Station]] (December 2014)<ref>
 
−
*{{cite news| url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/internet/news/free-wi-fi-service-finally-launched-at-new-delhi-railway-station-631903 | work=NDTV  | title=Free Wi-Fi Service Finally Launched at New Delhi Railway Station - NDTV}}
 
−
*{{cite news| url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/free-wifi-service-at-new-delhi-railway-station-launched/516394-11.html | work=IBN Live | title=Free WiFi service at New Delhi Railway Station launched - IBN Live}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Greater Noida]] — paid, operated by Maksat Technologies (P) Ltd.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
−
* [[Kolkata]], [[India]] - free 4G service by Reliance Jio{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
−
*[[Faridabad]], [[India]] - paid Wi-Fi Internet services being deployed by CSC E-governance Services in all Village Gram Panchayats
 
−
*[[Puducherry]], [[India]] - paid Wi-Fi Internet services being deployed by CSC E-governance Services in all Village Gram Panchayats
 
−
*[[Jharkhand]], [[India]] - paid Wi-Fi Internet services being deployed by CSC E-governance Services in all Village Gram Panchayats
 
  
−
====Indonesia====
+
On May 28, 2014, [[Guernsey Post]] launched a stamp designed by their marketing team, featuring the words Happy Postcrossing depicted over an outline of Guernsey with a smiley face, giving the "thumbs-up" to the hobby of Postcrossing.<ref>{{cite web|title=A new Postcrossing stamp... from Guernsey!|url=https://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2014/04/24/a-new-postcrossing-stamp-from-guernsey|website=Postcrossing.com}}</ref>
−
* [[Malang]] - Indoken Wireless offers roaming connectivity, T-Fi Beta offers connectivity on public transportation, free access at resource centers.<ref name="Public Wi-Fi Services">[http://www.ofta.gov.hk/en/datastat/wifi_stat.html Public Wi-Fi Services] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210172446/http://www.ofta.gov.hk/en/datastat/wifi_stat.html |date=2008-02-10 }}</ref>
 
  
−
====Malaysia====
+
On January 27, 2015 the [[Russian Post]] issued a stamp designed by Olga Shushlebina. The stamp features the words “Я &#x2764; посткроссинг” ([[Russian language|Russian]]: “I &#x2764; postcrossing”) and schematic pictures of world sights.<ref>{{cite web|title=A new Postcrossing stamp... from Russia|url=https://www.postcrossing.com/blog/2015/01/20/a-new-postcrossing-stamp-from-russia|website=Postcrossing.com}}</ref>
−
* [[Kuala Lumpur]] - free, Wireless@KL covering major commercial areas.<ref>[http://www.wirelesskl.com/ Wireless@KL]</ref>
 
−
* [[Penang]], - Penang Free Wi-Fi started in 2009, covers some commercial spots in the state, mostly on [[Penang Island]].{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
−
* [[Sarawak]] - paid deConnexion available in most business districts in major towns in the state of Sarawak.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
−
* [[Kota Kinabalu]] - free through KK City WiFi starting from 2017 for local residents and tourists. Each user is entitled to 10[[Gigabyte|GB]] of quota with no time limit every day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/19196|title=City WiFi benefits locals and tourists|author=DK Ryni Qareena|publisher=New Sabah Times|date=21 October 2017|accessdate=22 October 2017|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20171022155806/http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/19196|archivedate=22 October 2017|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Nepal====
 
−
* [[Kathmandu]] - Paid services through multiple providers such as wlink, NTC{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
−
 
 
−
====Pakistan====
 
−
* [[Islamabad]] - Free [[Ptcl|PTCL]] Char G WiFi for Metro Bus, stations and ruotes.
 
−
* [[Lahore]] - Free [[Wi-Fi|Wifi]] service in all city.
 
−
* [[Rawalpindi|Rawalpind]]<nowiki/>i - Free Wifi Service.
 
−
* [[Multan]] - Free Wifi Service.
 
−
 
 
−
* [[Karachi]] - Free Telenor WiFi
 
−
https://propakistani.pk/2014/09/22/telenor-launches-wifi-hotspots-in-karachi/
 
−
https://wifispc.com/pakistan
 
−
 
 
−
====Philippines====
 
−
* [[Balanga City]], [[Bataan]] - free in downtown and several tourist attractions<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofbalanga.gov.ph/home/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=249&Itemid=1|title=Home|work=cityofbalanga}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Bogo City]], [[Cebu]] - free WiFi service in most government facilities provided by the city government and ICT Office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/lgubogo}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Calbayog City]], [[Samar]] - downtown area
 
−
 
 
−
====Singapore====
 
−
* [[Singapore]] - free/paid, Wireless@SG{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
−
 
 
−
====Taiwan====
 
−
* [[Taipei]] - Taipei Free Public Wi-Fi and paid service Wifly by Q-Ware Communications, Inc.<ref>[http://www.wifly.com.tw/ Wifly] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516121207/http://www.wifly.com.tw/ |date=2008-05-16 }}</ref>
 
−
* [[New Taipei]] - free service in specific public areas in the city{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
−
 
 
−
====Thailand====
 
−
* [[Bangkok]] - free service for Bangkok citizens provided by [[True Corporation]].{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
−
 
 
−
====Vietnam====
 
−
* [[Hạ Long]]<ref name="vneconomy">{{cite web|url=http://vneconomy.vn/20130524030919266P0C16/da-nang-phu-song-wifi-toan-thanh-pho.htm|title=Đà Nẵng phủ sóng Wifi toàn thành phố|work=vneconomy.vn}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Hội An]]<ref name="vneconomy"/>
 
−
* [[Da Nang]]<ref name="vneconomy"/>
 
−
* [[Huế]]<ref name="vneconomy"/>
 
−
 
 
−
===Europe===
 
−
====Austria====
 
−
* [[Vienna]] - free service around the city through the city lights, at major train stations,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.oebb.at/gratis-wlan-am-wiener-westbahnhof-und-in-wr-neustadt/|title=OeBB Blog: gratis WLAN am Westbahnhof}}</ref> and in the [[Vienna International Airport]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viennaairport.com/jart/prj3/va/main.jart?rel=en&content-id=1249344074243&reserve-mode=active|title=Flughafen Wien - Passagiere|work=viennaairport.com}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Belgium====
 
−
* [[Brussels]] - UrbiZone covers some institutions for higher education, administration buildings, and public hospitals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urbizone.be|title=Urbizone|work=urbizone.be}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Bulgaria====
 
−
* [[Plovdiv]] - free throughout the city center and some of the city's outskirts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://net365.mobi/en/coverage|title=coverage|work=net365.mobi}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Estonia====
 
−
* [[Tallinn]] - [[Tiigrihüpe]] free Wifi covers the capital city Talinn and most of the country.<ref>Farivar, Cyrus (2011) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/643762511 The Internet of Elsewhere: the Emergent Effects of a Wired World]. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. p. 109-149. Covers the history of the Internet and public WiFi access in Estonia.</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Croatia====
 
−
* [[Samobor]] - paid & free service by NGO [[SMBWireless]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smbwireless.hr/|title=Udruga SMBWireless - Više od veze!|work=smbwireless.hr}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Velika Gorica]] - free in the city center and nearby villages as a part of e-Gorica.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
−
 
 
−
====Finland====
 
−
* [[Helsinki]] - free, city-operated network in the city center<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visithelsinki.fi/en/come/welcome-helsinki/free-wifi-in-helsinki|title=Free WiFi in Helsinki|work=visithelsinki.fi}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Oulu]] - free [[panOULU]] service.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
−
 
 
−
====France====
 
−
* [[Paris]] - free in many parks and in municipal libraries, museums, and public places.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paris.fr/portail/pratique/Portal.lut?page_id=7799&document_type_id=5&document_id=29274&portlet_id=17981|title=Mairie de Paris : site officiel de la ville de Paris – Paris.fr|work=paris.fr}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Germany====
 
−
[[File:München WLAN a.jpg|thumb|Wi-Fi sign in downtown Munich]]
 
−
* [[Munich]] - several areas downtown
 
−
* [[Stuttgart]] - service along the main shopping street Königstraße and a few other locations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stuttgart.de/wlan|title=Free Wifi in central Stuttgart|work=stuttgart.de}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Greece====
 
−
* [[Heraklion]] - free, city-operated network, covers major city squares and roads.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraklion.gr/e-heraklion/e-wireless/e-wireless.html|title=Ασύρματο Δίκτυο Δήμου Ηρακλείου - Η κινητή σύνδεσή σας στο Διαδίκτυο - Ασύρματο Δίκτυο - e-heraklion - Δήμος Ηρακλείου|work=heraklion.gr|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022103456/http://www.heraklion.gr/e-heraklion/e-wireless/e-wireless.html|archivedate=2013-10-22|df=}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Lagkadas]] - free, city-operated, covers most of the city and is expanding to cover towns in Lagkadas municipality.<ref>[http://www.lagadas.gr/wifi/index.html Lagkadas WiFi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309204020/http://www.lagadas.gr/wifi/index.html |date=2011-03-09 }}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Ireland====
 
−
* [[Dublin]] - free wifi in areas of the city centre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dublincity.ie/main-menu-services-business/dublin-free-wifi |title=Dublin Free WiFi |newspaper=Dublincity.ie |date= |author= |accessdate=7 December 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114074704/http://www.dublincity.ie/main-menu-services-business/dublin-free-wifi |archivedate=14 November 2015 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=zbOJyf0j8Gh4.kRxWiD5SdN4Q&msa=0 |title=Dublin City Wifi map |date=  |author= |accessdate= 7 December 2015}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Italy====
 
−
* [[Bologna]] - free service in and around the historical city center.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iperbole.bologna.it/wireless/it/iperbole-wireless |title=Iperbole wireless |publisher=Iperbole.bologna.it |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Comiso]] - free service in and around the historical city center.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wi-freecom.it |title=Wi-FreeCom wi-fi |publisher=wi-freecom.it |date= |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Milan]] - free service in and around the historical city center<ref>{{cite web|url=http://info.openwifimilano.it/en/index.aspx|title=OpenWifiMilano|work=openwifimilano.it}}</ref> and the Milano Malpensa airport.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
−
* [[Venice]], free to residents and city users.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cittadinanzadigitale.it/ |title=Cittadinanza Digitale |publisher=Cittadinanzadigitale.it |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
*[[Trento]], free service in and around the historical city centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comune.trento.it/Progetti/Rete-Wi-fi-pubblica-e-gratuita-Wilma |title=Rete wifi pubblica e gratuita |publisher=comune.tn.it |date= |accessdate=2012-04-30}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Lithuania====
 
−
* [[Kaunas]] - free, in some streets of the city.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
−
 
 
−
====Luxembourg====
 
−
* [[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]] — paid & free service in downtown, Central Station Hotcity and European district.<ref>[http://www.hotcity.lu/en Hotcity]</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Moldova====
 
−
* [[Chişinău]] - two metropolitan Wi-Fi networks exist: [[StarNet]] and [[Orange Moldova|Orange]]. StarNet's paid and free coverage area includes the city's central streets and residential districts as well as parks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wifi.starnet.md/|title=wifi_starnet|work=starnet.md}}</ref> Orange paid coverage area includes the city's mass transit areas and bus stops.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orange.md/?p=1&c=2&sc=251|title=Orange Moldova|work=Orange Moldova}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Netherlands====
 
−
* [[Leiden]] - free, community project covering city and region by Wireless Leiden.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
−
 
 
−
====Norway====
 
−
* [[Trondheim]] - paid and free service in city centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tradlosetrondheim.no/ |title=Trådløse Trondheim |publisher=Tradlosetrondheim.no |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Poland====
 
−
* [[Rzeszów]] - free, city-operated in participating public schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.resman.pl/index.php/en/|title=/ Main page|work=resman.pl}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Wrocław]] - free service by Miejski Internet, in few places.<ref>[http://www.wroclaw.pl/miejski_internet,1.dhtml Miejski Internet]</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Romania====
 
−
* [[Brașov, Romania]] - free wifi over the entire city deployed into existing 5G network by worldwifizone.com of Ireland, over 40,000 daily users at peak.
 
−
* [[Roman, Romania]] - free, deployed by Minisoft Romania as part of MetroWireless free internet access project,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metrowireless.ro|title=MetroWireless Romania, Free Metropolitan Networks|work=metrowireless.ro}}</ref> paid by advertisements, covers much of the city,<ref>[http://www.metrowireless.ro/images/stories/harta%20acoperire%20finala.jpg Wireless coverage in Roman, Romania]{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> expanding to nearby villages
 
−
* [[Vatra Dornei]], [[Romania]], 85% of city covered with free wifi deployed by worldwifizone.com using free guest user and Facebook connect.
 
−
 
 
−
====Russia====
 
−
* [[Moscow]], [[Russia]] - [[:ru:МаксимаТелеком|Maxima Telecom]], award-winning Moscow Metro and public transport public network<ref>{{cite web|url=http://awards.wirelessglobalcongress.com/2015-winners/|title=WBA Awards 2015|work=Wireless Broadband Alliance}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wi-fi.ru/|title=WiFi|work=Maxima Telecom}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Moscow]], [[Russia]] - paid service, Golden Telecom<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goldenwifi.ru/en/|title=Golden WiFi|work=goldenwifi.ru}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Serbia====
 
−
* [[Zrenjanin]], [[Serbia]] - free, city center only
 
−
* [[Pančevo]], [[Serbia]] - free, city center only, with time limit session.
 
−
 
 
−
====Spain====
 
−
* [[Moralzarzal]], Spain - free for inscribed citizens, limited time for visitors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moralzarzaldigital.es/index.php?id=721 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525135450/http://www.moralzarzaldigital.es/index.php?id=721 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2007-05-25 |title=Red WiFi municipal |publisher=Moralzarzaldigital.es |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05 }}</ref>
 
−
* [[Madrid]], Spain - free and open Wi-Fi on the municipal bus system, EMT.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.emtmadrid.es/2012/07/02/wi-fi-gratis-en-los-buses-de-la-emt/ |title=EMT WiFi municipal |publisher=emtmadrid.es |date= |accessdate=2017-01-27}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Sweden====
 
−
* [[Helsingborg]], Sweden - unrestricted, free and city-operated in 220 locations around the town. SSID: Helsingborg<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kartor.helsingborg.se/wifi/|title=Surfzoner|work=helsingborg.se}}</ref> Helpdesk: #freewifihbg on most social platforms.
 
−
* [[Lidköping]], Sweden - unrestricted, free and commercially operated. Available in town square. SSID: Lidkoping<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=97&artikel=5908876|title=Lidköping först ut med fritt nätverk|author=Sveriges Radio|work=sverigesradio.se}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Örebro]], [[Sweden]] - free, around Järntorget.
 
−
 
 
−
====Switzerland====
 
−
* [[Geneva]], Switzerland - free, city-operated<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ville-geneve.ch/wifi|title=Accès Wi-Fi - Environnement urbain et espaces verts - Thèmes - Ville de Genève - Site officiel|work=ville-geneve.ch}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Ukraine====
 
−
* [[Kiev|Kyiv]], [[Ukraine]] - free wifi in certain areas of city centre and [[Kiev Passenger Railway Station|Passenger Railway Station]]. {{vs|date=April 2017}}
 
−
 
 
−
====United Kingdom====
 
−
* [[Blackpool]], UK - free, 1.6&nbsp;km area around city centre [https://web.archive.org/web/20140209231404/http://www.blackpoolunlimited.com/WirelessBlackpoolhasarrived.aspx Wireless Blackpool] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20130127034809/http://www.blackpoolunlimited.com/getDocument.aspx?id=32071 Wireless Blackpool Leaflet]
 
−
* [[Bristol]], UK - free, 3&nbsp;km area around city centre<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.24dash.com/news/Central_Government/2006-11-30-Cityspace-to-extend-Bristols-wireless-network|title=Cityspace to extend Bristol's wireless network|work=24dash.com|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080203231951/http://www.24dash.com/news/Central_Government/2006-11-30-Cityspace-to-extend-Bristols-wireless-network|archivedate=2008-02-03|df=}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Liverpool]], UK - paid service, covering central areas.
 
−
* [[Newcastle, County Down]], Northern Ireland, UK
 
−
* [[Norwich, England]] - free, city center and university, 18-month pilot [[Openlink (Norwich, UK)]]
 
−
* [[York]], [[England]] - free, entire city centre, museums, libraries and universities
 
−
 
 
−
===North America===
 
−
====Canada====
 
−
* [[Calgary]], Alberta -  paid service operated by [[WestNet Wireless]], first City Wi-Fi in Canada<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.westnet.ca/coverage.htm?coverage=calgary |title=WestNet Wireless - Calgary Wi-Fi Coverage |publisher=Westnet.ca |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Fredericton]], New Brunswick - free, Fred-e Zone<ref>[http://www.teamfredericton.com/fred-ezone.htm Fred-e Zone]</ref>
 
−
* [[Iqaluit]], Nunavut  - Community Free Access and Paid Service provided by Meshnet, and service of mnemonics.ca<ref>http://www.mnemonics.ca/mesh/map_public.php{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 
−
* [[London, Ontario]] - free (pilot project) on Dundas Street, provided by London Downtown Business Association<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.londonlawn.ca/|title=London Area Wireless Network (LAWN)|work=londonlawn.ca}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Mississauga]], Ontario - free, Wireless access at Mississauga Libraries, Community Centres, Arenas and select transit stops<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mississauga.ca/portal/services/wireless|title=Mississauga.ca - Services Online - Wireless Mississauga: Free WiFi Zone|work=mississauga.ca}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Moncton]], New Brunswick - free, Service provided by Red Ball Internet of Moncton. Wireless access available at Arenas and Moncton's Public Library. It was also the first city in Canada to provide wireless internet on its public transportation fleet.
 
−
* [[Montreal]], Quebec - free, community supported Ilesansfil<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilesansfil.org/|title=Île Sans Fil|work=ilesansfil.org}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Moose Jaw]], Saskatchewan - free, city center and campus<ref name="ito.gov.sk.ca">[http://www.ito.gov.sk.ca/wireless-internet/ ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326021617/http://www.ito.gov.sk.ca/wireless-internet/ |date=March 26, 2009 }}</ref>
 
−
* [[Prince Albert, Saskatchewan]] - free, city center and campus<ref name="ito.gov.sk.ca"/>
 
−
* [[Quebec City]], Quebec - free, community supported ZAP Quebec<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zapquebec.org/|title=ZAP Québec|work=zapquebec.org}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Regina, Saskatchewan]] - free, city center and campus<ref name="ito.gov.sk.ca"/>
 
−
* [[Saint-Hyacinthe]], Quebec - free service in selected parks, municipal buildings and commercial center, provided by ZAP Monteregie<ref>{{cite web|url=http://auth.zapmonteregie.org/nodeextra/map|title=ZAP Montérégie|work=zapmonteregie.org}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Saskatoon]], Saskatchewan - free, city center and campus<ref name="ito.gov.sk.ca"/>
 
−
* [[Sherbrooke]], Québec - free, limited to downtown, provided by ZAP Sherbrooke<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zapsherbrooke.org/ |title=Bienvenue chez ZAP |publisher=Zapsherbrooke.org |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Shawinigan]], Quebec - free service, limited to downtown. City-operated.
 
−
* [[Stratford, Ontario]] - paid service, covers entire city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rhyzome.ca |title=Rhyzome Networks |publisher=Rhyzome.ca |date= |accessdate=2013-08-29}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] - free service provided by [[Wireless Toronto]] and the [[Toronto Public Library]] system for locations throughout the [[Greater Toronto Area]]; paid service from [[Toronto Hydro]]'s ''One Zone''.
 
−
* [[Windsor, Ontario]]- free service for the downtown core provided by the Downtown Windsor Business Improvement Association.<ref>http://www.downtownwindsor.ca/news_article.php?id=10</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====United States====
 
−
* [[Akron, Ohio]] SSID: "ConnectAkron"
 
−
* [[Albany, New York]] Albanyfreenet<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.albanyfreenet.net/site/ |title=Albany FreeNet |publisher=Web.albanyfreenet.net |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Amherst, Massachusetts]] - free service in downtown area<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.govtech.com/wireless/States-Fastest-Public-Wi-Fi-Now-Live-in-Amherst-Mass.html|title=State|work=govtech.com}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Anderson, Indiana]] Anderson WiFi<ref>[http://www.cityofanderson.com/splashwireless/default2.aspx ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226011954/http://www.cityofanderson.com/splashwireless/default2.aspx |date=February 26, 2009 }}</ref>
 
−
* [[Arcata, California]]
 
−
* [[Baltimore, Maryland]] Baltimore Free WiFi
 
−
* [[Bethany Beach, Delaware]] Beach and Boardwalk free WiFi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.townofbethanybeach.com/ |title=Town of Bethany Beach, DE - Official Website |publisher=Townofbethanybeach.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Binghamton, New York]] - free service,<ref>[http://www.cityofbinghamton.com/department.asp?zone=Dept-Economic-Development&pid=12&pm=page City of Binghamton Downtown WiFi.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419090150/http://www.cityofbinghamton.com/department.asp?zone=Dept-Economic-Development&pid=12&pm=page |date=2009-04-19 }} 2009</ref>
 
−
* [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]] - [https://www.boston.gov/departments/innovation-and-technology/wicked-free-wi-fi Wicked Free WiFi] available throughout the City of Boston for the public to use
 
−
* [[Brevard County, Florida]] - free at all County Library Buildings [http://www.brevardfl.gov/PublicLibraries/Computers]
 
−
* [[Bristol, Virginia]]<ref name=nyt2014>{{citation |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/31/upshot/why-the-us-has-fallen-behind-in-internet-speed-and-affordability.html |title=In the Slow Lane: Why the U.S. Has Fallen Behind in Internet Speed and Affordability |date=October 30, 2014 }}</ref>
 
−
* [[Burlington, Vermont]] - Citywide WiFi hotspots through [http://www.burlingtontelecom.net Burlington Telecom]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burlingtontelecom.net/about-us/wi-fi-hotspots-around-burlington/|title=Wi-Fi Hotspots Around Burlington|work=burlingtontelecom.net}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Burlington, North Carolina]] - Free public WiFi in [http://www.ci.burlington.nc.us/index.aspx?NID=1218 select downtown areas.]
 
−
* [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] - free (pilot), through the [http://www.cambridgema.gov/itd/CPI.aspx Cambridge Public Internet (CPI) Initiative]
 
−
* [[Charleston, South Carolina]] - free public wi-fi in Marion Square [http://www.charlestonfreewifi.com] by the [http://www.charlestondigitalcorridor.com]
 
−
* [[Cedar Rapids, Iowa]] - has Free Wifi Downtown & around the city<ref>{{Cite web|title = Cedar Rapids seeks to partner with private sector to build a city Wi-Fi system|url = http://www.thegazette.com/2013/12/10/cedar-rapids-seeks-to-partner-with-private-sector-to-build-a-city-wi-fi-system|website = The Gazette|access-date = 2016-02-15}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]]<ref name=nyt2014 />
 
−
* [[Clearwater Beach, Florida]] - free service,<ref>[http://www.beachchamber.com/wifiweb One of the most successful beach tourist free wireless networks implemented and maintained.] 2008</ref>
 
−
* [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]]—free service in the Old Brooklyn neighborhood
 
−
* [[Corpus Christi, Texas]] - paid service, Earthlink<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ccwifinews.com/|title=Welcome ccwifinews.com - BlueHost.com|work=ccwifinews.com}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Decatur, Georgia]] - Free Wifi in Downtown Decatur<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.decaturga.com/index.aspx?page=178|title=City of Decatur : Decatur WiFi|work=decaturga.com|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095843/http://www.decaturga.com/index.aspx?page=178|archivedate=2015-04-02|df=}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Dubuque, Iowa]] - free, city-operated, provided Mediacom covers downtown area since 2006.
 
−
* [[El Paso, Texas]] - Free Wifi in Downtown El Paso.<ref>[http://digitalelpaso.com] 2009</ref>
 
−
* [[Englewood, New Jersey]] - Free ultra fast Wifi throughout almost two miles of downtown Englewood 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ackrion.com|title=ackrion Superior Municipal Outdoor Wireless Wi-Fi Solutions|work=ackrion}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://downtownenglewood.com|title=Downtown Englewood, NJ|work=downtownenglewood.com}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Escondido, California]] - free service in downtown area and Public Library.
 
−
* [[Fenton, Michigan]] - free or paid service in downtown area and public parks, through Tri-County Wireless, Inc.<ref name=tctimes-010313>{{cite news|last=Pomares|first=Alberto|title=Fenton parks and downtown now have free wireless Internet access|url=http://www.tctimes.com/news/fenton-parks-and-downtown-now-have-free-wireless-internet-access/article_e588d5a6-e624-11e0-be1d-001cc4c03286.html|accessdate=3 January 2013|newspaper=Tri County Times|date=23 September 2011}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Gerlach, Nevada]] - Gifted to the public by Black Rock City LLC.
 
−
* [[Greensboro, North Carolina]] - Free Wifi in Downtown Greensboro, Greensboro Historical Museum, The Depot, and others.<ref>[http://www.greensboro-nc.gov/index.aspx?page=2357] 2014</ref>
 
−
* [[Harrisburg, North Carolina]] - free, Time Warner Cable
 
−
* [[Hattiesburg, Mississippi]] Free wifi in the downtown area of Front, Main and Pine Streets and the Oaks Cultural District.
 
−
* [[Hollywood, Florida]] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20081122202050/http://johnsoncontrols.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=113&item=1350 Johnson Controls], [https://web.archive.org/web/20111126035816/http://www.slingbroadband.com/fort-lauderdale-wimax-sling-broadband-coverage.html Sling Broadband Wimax] deploy municipal Wi-Fi network for wireless automated meter reading (AMR), public safety and free Wi-Fi service for residents. [http://www.muniwireless.com/2009/02/16/hollywood-florida-wifi-network/ Muni Wireless]
 
−
* [[Houston|Houston, Texas]] - free service in downtown area and selected neighborhoods around the city; free service also available in all [[Houston Public Library]] and [[Harris County Public Library]] branches<ref>[http://www.wecanhouston.org/AboutWecan Houston WeCAN (Wireless Empowered Community Access Network)]</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://blogs.chron.com/techblog/archives/2008/08/it_lives_city_of_houston_turns_on_free_downto.html | title=Updated: It lives! City of Houston turns on free downtown Wi-Fi | author=Dwight Silverman | publisher=''Houston Chronicle'' | date=August 18, 2008 | accessdate=2011-02-18}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Honolulu|Honolulu, Hawaii]] - free, Tri-Net Solutions LLC<ref>{{cite news | url=http://starbulletin.com/2007/10/04/news/story04.html | title=Free Wi-Fi boots up in Chinatown | author=Nina Wu | publisher=''Honolulu Star-Bulletin'' | date=October 4, 2007 | accessdate=2007-12-11}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Hiawatha, Iowa|Hiawatha Iowa]] - Has Free WiFi at Public parks  & Public Library<ref>{{Cite web|title = ImOn launches free Wi-Fi in Hiawatha parks {{!}} The Gazette|url = http://www.thegazette.com/subject/news/business/imon-launches-free-wi-fi-in-hiawatha-parks-20150818|website = The Gazette|access-date = 2016-02-15}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, Indiana]] -free AT&T WiFi downtown
 
−
* [[Kennesaw, Georgia]] - free, City of Kennesaw WiFi - available in city parks and other areas [http://www.kennesawwifi.net]
 
−
* [[Kenosha, Wisconsin]] - Low Cost Paid WiFi located in Downtown Kenosha, service provided by Infinite Technologies LLC [http://www.infinitetec.net]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/Kenosha-WiFi/129463007094147 |title=Kenosha WiFi |publisher=Facebook |date=2012-07-27 |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Kenosha, Wisconsin]] - Expensive Lake coverage pre-approved by Kenosha County Board without pre-approval by the City of Kenosha was declinded by the City 2/13/2014. The ISP service the County was attempting would undermine the existing small business owner, who has found it a challenge for the city to accept any attempts to grow the wifi. {{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}
 
−
* [[Kissimmee, Florida]] - free, Bright House Networks
 
−
* [[Lafayette, Louisiana]]<ref name=nyt2014 />
 
−
* [[Lawrence, Kansas]] - free, Lawrence Freenet, not-for-profit company that works in conjunction with the City of Lawrence and local internet providers [http://www.lawrencefreenet.org]
 
−
* [[Leverett, Massachusetts]]<ref>{{citation |work=Boston Globe |date=June 12, 2015 |url= https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2015/06/12/fiber-backbone-bringing-broadband-western-massachusetts/B4rh0BFgkUAso0icAvCJtM/story.html |title=Fiber backbone brings broadband to Western Mass. }}</ref>
 
−
* [[Lexington, Kentucky]] - SSID: "LexingtonPublic" free, originally only for police, firefighters and civil service employees, available along major streets miles outside downtown, available in downtown, East End and Cardinal Hill neighborhoods<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aceweekly.com/2010/10/lexington-announces-free-downtown-east-end-wi-fi/|title=Lexington announces free downtown, East End wi-fi|work=Ace Weekly}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Linden, Michigan]] - free or paid service in downtown area and public parks, through Tri-County Wireless, Inc.
 
−
* [[Los Lunas, New Mexico]] - http://www.loslunasnm.gov/196/Wi-Fi-Service
 
−
* [[Longmont, Colorado]] - Municipal gigabit fiber citywide.<ref>http://longmontcolorado.gov/departments/departments-e-m/longmont-power-communications/broadband-service</ref>
 
−
* [[Madison, Wisconsin]] - paid, only covers central part of city.
 
−
* [[Marion, Illinois]] - Free. Initially just the downtown square but plans to expand to Public Safety.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyrepublicannews.com/article/20141121/NEWS/141129823 |title=WiFi @ Marion Square now has wifi  |publisher=Web.dailyrepublicannews.com |date= |accessdate=2014-11-21}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Maywood, California]] - Free. Initially just the business corridors, now citywide.
 
−
* [[Minneapolis|Minneapolis, Minnesota]] - paid, [[Minneapolis wireless internet network|USI Wireless]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usiwireless.com/service/minneapolis/schedule.htm |title=Wireless Minneapolis Build Out Schedule & Coverage Map |publisher=USI Wireless |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807101322/http://www.usiwireless.com/service/minneapolis/schedule.htm |archivedate=2012-08-07 |df= }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/wirelessminneapolis/ Wireless Minneapolis]</ref>
 
−
* [[Mountain View, California]] - free (no longer operating) - [[Google WiFi]]
 
−
* [[Naperville, Illinois]] - free, downtown area only, known as "napernet"
 
−
* [[New York City]] - [[LinkNYC]] began service in 2016; intended to have thousands of stations
 
−
* [[Newton, North Carolina]] - free, downtown area [http://www.newtonnc.gov/departments/information_systems/internet_use_policy.php]
 
−
* [[Ocala, Florida]] - Free, Downtown Square
 
−
* [[Pacifica, California]] - paid service, PacificaNet<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pacificanet.com/|title=Pacifica Net|work=pacificanet.com}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Palm Bay, Florida]] - free at City Hall and six parks, Map [http://www.palmbayflorida.org/home/showdocument?id=2078]
 
−
* [[Peachtree City, Georgia]] - free at two parks and the public library/City Hall plaza -<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peachtree-city.org |title=Peachtree City, GA - Official Website |publisher=Peachtree-city.org |date=2012-05-08 |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Philomath, Oregon]] - free 300kbit/s access, paid tiers. Serves city limits: also has APs in downtown Corvallis.
 
−
* [[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]] - free downtown 2 hours per day
 
−
* [[Plattsmouth, Nebraska]] - free in all public buildings (Court House, Public Library, City Hall, Community Center) and Main Street
 
−
* [[Ponca City, Oklahoma]] - covers the whole city<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.poncacityok.gov/index.aspx?NID=417 |title=Ponca City, OK - Wi-Fi (Free Wireless Internet) |publisher=Poncacityok.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Powell, Ohio]] - Free, covers downtown<ref>[http://www.cityofpowell.us/discoverpowell-wifi.php Powell, OH Wifi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430004635/http://www.cityofpowell.us/discoverpowell-wifi.php |date=2009-04-30 }}</ref>
 
−
* [[Rochester, Minnesota]] - Downtown in Peace Plaza, near the [[Mayo Clinic]] and [[University of Minnesota Rochester]]\
 
−
* [[Rockport, Maine]]<ref>{{citation |url= http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2014-08-13/how-maine-saved-the-internet |title=How Maine Saved the Internet |work=Bloomberg View |publisher=Bloomberg |accessdate=August 15, 2014 |date=August 13, 2014 |author=[[Susan P. Crawford]] }}</ref>
 
−
* [[San Jose, California]] - Free in downtown area<ref>[http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_22792266/san-jose-launches-new-free-downtown-outdoor-wireless San Jose launches new free downtown outdoor wireless], Mercury News, March 15, 2013</ref>
 
−
* [[Santa Clara, California]] - Free, outdoors in most areas of the city<ref>[http://gigaom.com/2013/03/27/santa-clara-launches-free-outdoor-wi-fi-on-backs-of-smart-meters/ Santa Clara launches free outdoor Wi-Fi on backs of smart meters] March 23, 2013</ref>
 
−
* [[Santa Monica, California]] - Free, outdoors in most areas of the city<ref>[http://muninetworks.org/reports/santa-monica-city-net-case-study/ Santa Monica City Net Case Study] March 5, 2014</ref>
 
−
* [[Skokie, Illinois]],  - Downtown and park areas<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skokie.org/SkokieLinkWiFi.cfm |title=Village of Skokie, Skokie Link WiFi, Skokie, IL |publisher=Skokie.org |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Southaven, Mississippi]] - paid service, city-operated, branded as [https://web.archive.org/web/20071021215805/http://magnoliawave.com/ Magnoliawave]
 
−
* [[South Bend, Indiana]] - Free service intended to establish downtown as a meeting place and bridge the [[Digital divide in the United States|digital divide]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wfyi.org/news/articles/south-bend-to-get-free-wireless-internet-downtown|title=South Bend To Get Free Wireless Internet Downtown|last=Press|first=Associated|date=2015-09-22|website=WFYI Public Media|access-date=2016-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-to-offer-free-wi-fi-downtown/article_5ca6be7a-05bb-56de-aab9-927e5b0caf8e.html|title=South Bend to offer free Wi-Fi downtown|website=South Bend Tribune|access-date=2016-05-02}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Spokane, Washington]] - two free hours/day, paid after.
 
−
* [[Statesville, North Carolina]]- free access
 
−
* [[Storrs, Connecticut]] - used for students of The University of Connecticut
 
−
* [[Springfield, Ohio]] - free, downtown and Clark State Community College campus
 
−
* [[The Dalles, Oregon]] - free, via Google grant to downtown and key event areas. City-operated.
 
−
* [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania]] - Day pass, monthly service, or even pre-paid wireless data cards are available<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.timesleader.com/2008_11/2008_08_09_Wilkes_Barre_rsquo_s_Wi_Fi_connects_city_to_future_-editorial.html |title=Wilkes-Barre’s Wi-Fi connects city to future  |publisher=http://www.timesleader.com |date= |accessdate=2008-08-09}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Williamsburg, Virginia]] - free, limited to [[Merchants Square]]
 
−
* [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina]] - free, limited to downtown. City-operated: no technical support.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofws.org/Home/DiscoverWinston-Salem/Articles/WiFi|title=City of Winston-Salem - Discover Winston-Salem|work=cityofws.org}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Warwick, Massachusetts]] - paid service, municipally-operated
 
−
* [[Yazoo City, Mississippi]] - Paid network. Branded as Yazoo Wireless, Provided by [https://web.archive.org/web/19970405163808/http://www.cytecsys.com/ CYTEC]
 
−
* [[Yorktown, Indiana]] - Free, limited to downtown
 
−
 
 
−
In addition, a few U.S. states, such as [[Iowa]] and [[Massachusetts]], offer free Wi-Fi service at [[Rest area|welcome centers and roadside rest area]]s located along major [[Interstate highway]]s.
 
−
 
 
−
====Mexico====
 
−
* [[Guadalajara|Guadalajara, Jalisco]] - Free, 150 parks and municipal areas. 1 hour continuous connect and 2 hour connection time allowed per day. In operation since 2011. Installation and operation is municipal government funded. A few of the areas are provided with free electrical outlets to charge / use your device.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gdllibre.com/mapa.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-05-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402141948/http://www.gdllibre.com/mapa.php |archivedate=2015-04-02 |df= }}</ref>
 
−
* [[Mérida, Yucatán]] - Free. Most major city parks and other areas. Provided by [[Axtel]] and [[Telmex]]. Usually also provide standing tables with power outlets. The parks are identified by "parque en linea" (online park) signs and branding of the utility providing the connectivity. The SSID is usually "park en linea".
 
−
 
 
−
===Oceania===
 
−
* [[Adelaide]], Australia - [[AdelaideFree WiFi]] is a contiguous network available throughout the CBD, provided by [[Internode (ISP)|Internode]]
 
−
* [[Auckland]], New Zealand - Citywide network based in all popular areas across Auckland including CBD and Waterfront [http://www.aucklandwifi.co.nz] from Tomizone.
 
−
* [[Perth]], Australia - paid, RoamAD-based metro wide coverage in the CBD by [https://web.archive.org/web/20071116154220/http://www.metromesh.com.au/ metromesh]
 
−
* [[Taupo]], New Zealand, paid/free large RoamAD-based zone in tourist area by [https://web.archive.org/web/20071008170013/https://www.kordiametrowifi.com/ Kordia Metro WiFi]
 
−
* [[Hawke's Bay]], New Zealand, prepaid access and free 1 hr daily, available at many locations region wide by [http://nownz.co.nz/wi-fi NOW]
 
−
* [[Wellington]], New Zealand - Free Wifi at the Waterfront, CBD & Airport
 
−
 
 
−
===South America===
 
−
* [[Aparecida, Brazil]] Free service<ref>{{cite web|author=Felipe Zmoginski, do Plantão INFO |url=http://info.abril.com.br/aberto/infonews/052007/08052007-14.shl |title=INFO Online - Aparecida estréia rede Wi-Fi gratuita - (08/05/2007) |publisher=Info.abril.com.br |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Belo Horizonte, Brazil]]<ref>[http://portal2.pbh.gov.br/pbh/pgESEARCH_CENTRO.html?paramCodNot=7060]{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} November 11, 2007 - free, need some subscribe at logon on Wi-Fi network. AP in some public places and builds</ref>
 
−
* [[La Plata, Argentina]] - free, city center only<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moebiusdigital.com.ar/noticias_1211_argentina._la_plata_ofrece_wifi_gratuito_y_apunta_a_convertirse_en_una_ciudad_digital.html |title=Argentina. La Plata ofrece WiFi gratuito y apunta a convertirse en una Ciudad Digital &#124; Moebius Digital &#124; Diseño web &#124; Web Hosting &#124; Argentina |publisher=Moebius Digital |date=2009-05-07 |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Buenos Aires, Argentina]] - free, without registration, 120 spots for all over the city<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/modernizacion/wi-fi-gratis|title="BA WiFi" official site, with map and list (Spanish)|newspaper=Buenosaires.gob.ar|date=|author=|accessdate=7 December 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210050226/http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/modernizacion/wi-fi-gratis|archivedate=10 December 2015|df=}}</ref>
 
−
* [[General Lavalle| General Lavalle, Argentina]] - Free service<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radioprovincia.gba.gov.ar/noticias/general-lavalle-tiene-wifi-gratis-para-toda-la-poblacion/ |title=General Lavalle tiene wifi gratis para toda la población - Radio Provincia|newspaper=Radioprovincia.gba.gov.ar |date=  |author= |accessdate=}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Sud Mennucci, São Paulo|Sud Mennucci]], Brazil—free, limited to downtown. City-operated.
 
−
* [[Miraflores District, Lima|Miraflores]], [[Lima]] [[Peru]] Free service, various spots over the district. City-operated.
 
−
 
 
−
===Planned===
 
−
 
 
−
====Africa====
 
−
* [[Stellenbosch|Stellenbosch, South Africa]]  Free service. Town centre online since February 25, 2012. Coverage to be increased to whole town.<ref>[http://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadband/43829-free-wi-fi-for-stellenbosch.html "Free Wi-Fi for Stellenbosch"] ''[[MyBroadband]]'', February 21, 2012.</ref>
 
−
* [[Northpine, South Africa]] Paid. WISP and media delivery services as well as video surveillance focused on the suburb. Community social portal for information sharing, collaboration and local business partnerships. Proof of concept to be expanded to neighbouring areas.
 
−
* [[Harare, Zimbabwe]] Available around the city on various hotspots. Provided by ZOL. 1 hour time limit, paid after.
 
−
 
 
−
====Asia====
 
−
* [[Delhi]], [[India]] - Delhi Government constituted a Task Force (March 2015) to provide Free Wi-Fi connectivity in Delhi. The new Task Force is a part of Delhi Dialogue Commission (DDC), an advisory body of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] government,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-aap-government-sets-up-wifi-task-force-in-delhi-2069707 | work=DNA India | title=Aam Aadmi Party government sets up WiFi task force in Delhi - DNA India}}</ref> Aam Aadmi Party government decide to consult with various stakeholders to implement its pre-poll promise of providing Free Wi-Fi connectivity across the city,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Free-Wi-Fi-in-Delhi-AAP-to-consult-with-stakeholders/articleshow/46555273.cms | work=Times of India | title=Free Wi-Fi in Delhi : AAP to consult with stakeholders - Times of India}}</ref> Delhi Dialogue Commission (DDC) chaired by Chief Minister [[Arvind Kejriwal]] asks people for suggestions for Free WiFi plan (March 2015)<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/delhis-aap-govt-asks-people-suggestions-free-wifi-plan-2155477.html | work=Firstpost | title=Delhi's AAP govt asks people for suggestions for the free WiFi plan - Firstpost}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Tel Aviv]] Downtown and later north part as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1164845.html|title=Tel Aviv to initiate free municipal WiFi pilot|author=Bar Ben Ari|work=Haaretz.com}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Makati]], [[Philippines]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ph.news.yahoo.com/makati-eyes-becoming-ph-s-first--wi-fi-city-.html |title=Makati eyes becoming PH's first 'Wi-Fi city' - Yahoo! News Philippines |publisher=Ph.news.yahoo.com |date=2012-07-12 |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Mumbai]], [[India]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/BMC-plans-WiFi-cover-for-Mumbai/articleshow/21175912.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=BMC plans WiFi cover for Mumbai - The Times of India}}</ref>
 
−
* [[NOIDA]], [[India]]
 
−
* [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanherald.com/news/6223/05-june-2015/amidst-metro-bus-fanfare%28com%29-sharjeel-memon-promises-free-wifi-for-karachi|title=Amidst Metro bus fanfare, Sharjeel Memon promises free WiFi for Karachi|work=Pakistan Herald}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Europe====
 
−
* [[Swindon|Swindon, Wiltshire, UK]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wiltshire/8364159.stm "Free public Wi-Fi scheme for town"] ''[[BBC News]]'', November 17, 2009.</ref>
 
−
* [[Leicester|Leicester, UK]]<ref>[http://www.foxestalk.co.uk/forums/index.php?showtopic=74050&view=findpost&p=1897661 "FoxesTalk Reference - Leicester Mercury Reported"] ''[[Leicester Mercury]]'', June 24, 2011.</ref>
 
−
* [[London|London, UK]] ([[London Underground]])<ref name="LondonUGwifi">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jun/01/london-tube-stations-wi-fi |title=London tube stations to get Wi-Fi |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2012-06-01 |accessdate=3 June 2012 |last=Neate |first=Rupert |location=London}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====North America====
 
−
* [[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]]<ref>[http://www.informationweek.com/software/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=198702130 China's ZTE To Build Massive Wi-Fi Network For Mexico City: The Wi-Fi network will connect schools and government offices as well as some 4,000 security cameras] April 3, 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17927755/ Mexico City explores wireless Internet: Planning hot spots throughout city for 8.7, million residents] April 3, 2007</ref> free, coupled with new surveillance system (planned 2008)
 
−
* [[Republic of Panamá|Panama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.innovacion.gob.pa|title=Autoridad Nacional para la Innovación Gubernamental|work=innovacion.gob.pa}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Tecumseh, Ontario]]
 
−
 
 
−
=====United States=====
 
−
* [[Cleveland]], Ohio<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandcitycouncil.org/Home/News/OldBrooklynNeighborhoodfreewirelessnetwork/tabid/809/Default.aspx|title=Cleveland City Council - Cleveland City Council - Page Not Found|author=thunder::tech :: an integrated marketing agency|work=clevelandcitycouncil.org|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721144027/http://www.clevelandcitycouncil.org/Home/News/OldBrooklynNeighborhoodfreewirelessnetwork/tabid/809/Default.aspx|archivedate=2011-07-21|df=}}</ref> - Wireless will cover Ward 13 of the Old Brooklyn Neighborhood
 
−
* [[Oakland County, Michigan]] - free 128 kbit/s, paid for high speed, [[Wireless Oakland]]
 
−
* [[Sacramento, California]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Brad |url=http://www.wirelessweek.com/Archives/2007/06/Sacramento-Goes-Wireless/ |title=Sacramento Goes Wireless |publisher=Wireless Week |date=2007-06-22 |accessdate=2012-08-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225082843/http://www.wirelessweek.com/Archives/2007/06/Sacramento-Goes-Wireless/ |archivedate=2012-02-25 |df= }}</ref>
 
−
* [[Silicon Valley|Silicon Valley, California]] Joint Venture Wireless Project - free, prototyped for Palo Alto and San Carlos by 2008, Silicon Valley Metro Connect.<ref>[http://www.jointventure.org/inthenews/pressreleases/021407wireless.html Joint Venture: Silicon Valley Network Announces Test Cities for Wireless Silicon Valley Initiative] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022110318/http://jointventure.org/inthenews/pressreleases/021407wireless.html |date=2007-10-22 }}, February 14, 2007.</ref>
 
−
* [[St. Louis Park, Minnesota]] - Set up, but not yet deployed due to contracting disputes.
 
−
* [[Tampa, Florida]] - Tampabayconnect.net
 
−
* [[Waukesha, Wisconsin]]<ref>Esptein, Reid J. [http://www.jsonline.com/news/wauk/feb06/389874.asp "Waukesha could be next city to go Wi-Fi"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207020912/http://www.jsonline.com/news/wauk/feb06/389874.asp |date=2006-02-07 }} ''[[Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel]]'', February 3, 2006.</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====Oceania====
 
−
* [[Brisbane, Australia]]<ref>[http://www.news.com.au/technology/story/0,28348,25345995-5014239,00.html Queensland to give train commuters wireless internet access] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418194043/http://www.news.com.au/technology/story/0%2C28348%2C25345995-5014239%2C00.html |date=2009-04-18 }}</ref>
 
−
* [[Canberra, Australia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/government-it/free-wireless-internet-for-civic-canberra-20140313-hvi41.html|title=Free wireless internet for Civic, Canberra|work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Melbourne, Australia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/victorias-first-free-public-wifi-zones-launched-at-queen-victoria-market-and-central-ballarat-bendigo-20141029-11dn8d.html|title=Victoria's first free public Wi-Fi zones launched at Queen Victoria Market and central Ballarat, Bendigo|work=The Age}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Ballarat, Australia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecourier.com.au/story/2149740/ballarat-to-get-free-public-wi-fi-by-the-end-of-the-year/|title=Ballarat to get free public wi-fi by the end of the year |author=TOM COWIE|date=13 March 2014|work=The Courier}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Bendigo, Australia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/story/2149186/free-wi-fi-for-bendigo/|title=Free WI-FI for Bendigo|author=Fairfax Regional Media|date=13 March 2014|work=Bendigo Advertiser}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
====South America====
 
−
* [[Jacareí]], Brazil<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jornal.valeparaibano.com.br/2008/04/03/jac/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-09-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410174800/http://jornal.valeparaibano.com.br/2008/04/03/jac/ |archivedate=2008-04-10 |df= }}</ref>
 
−
* [[São José dos Campos]], Brazil<ref>[http://www.carlinhosalmeida.com.br/propostas_ver.php?idConteudo=10 ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916000737/http://www.carlinhosalmeida.com.br/propostas_ver.php?idConteudo=10 |date=September 16, 2008 }}</ref>
 
−
* [[São Paulo]], Brazil<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105150/http://www.telebrasil.org.br/sala-de-imprensa/na-midia/3527-haddad-quer-licitacao-de-wifi-este-ano-e-vai-trocar-regularizacao-de-antenas-de-celular-por-oferta-de-pontos-gratis ]</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
===Canceled or closed===
 
−
* [[Baton Rouge]], United States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcrwireless.com/article/20030910/wi-fi/verge-wireless-to-deploy-baton-rouge-wi-fi-network-with-tropos-gear/|title=Verge Wireless to deploy Baton Rouge Wi-Fi network with Tropos gear|author=Reily Gregson|work=RCR Wireless News}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Chicago]], United States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/chicago-scraps-municipal-wireless-plans/2007-08-29|title=Chicago scraps municipal wireless plans|work=FierceWireless}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Charleston, South Carolina]], United States (on hold)<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.muniwireless.com/2008/01/03/city-initiative-charleston-south-carolina/ |title=City Initiative: Charleston, South Carolina &#124; MuniWireless: WiFi, LTE, 4G |publisher=MuniWireless |date=2008-01-03 |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Kyle Stock |url=http://www.postandcourier.com/news/2007/oct/05/city_exit_wireless_project/ |title=City to exit wireless project &#124; The Post and Courier &#124; Charleston SC, News, Sports, Entertainment |publisher=The Post and Courier |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Dublin, Ireland]]<ref>[http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0109/wifi.html] RTÉ reports cancelled Wi-Fi</ref>
 
−
* [[Groningen]], Netherlands<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.draadloosgroningen.nl|title=Draadloos Groningen BV|work=draadloosgroningen.nl}}</ref> - Municipal Wireless network with open service model, covering entire city, first parts operational, 2010–2012 expanding to 54sq km<ref>{{cite tweet|user=DraadloosGron|author=Draadloos Groningen|number=4886597895979008|date=17 November 2010|title=Het project Draadloos Groningen  zal in zijn huidige opzet worden stopgezet. Zie web site  (http://bit.ly/4F0AqY) voor  meer informatie.}}</ref>
 
−
* [[MetroFi]] - free with advertisements, deployed to 10 cities in the western United States, closed in 2008
 
−
* [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]<ref name="trevey2007">{{cite news |first=Mick |last=Trevey |title=Citywide Wi-Fi Might Not Happen |url=http://www.todaystmj4.com/news/local/9041797.html |work=Local & Regional News |publisher=Journal Broadcast Group |date=2007-08-09 |accessdate=2007-08-18}}</ref> - paid service, Midwest Fiber Networks, target date: March 2008
 
−
* [[New Orleans, Louisiana]], United States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/mobility/muni/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=207402189 |title=EarthLink To Shut Down New Orleans' Municipal Wi-Fi - Mobility - Muni Wireless |publisher=Informationweek |date=2008-04-25 |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Parramatta, Australia]]<ref name="news.theage.com.au">{{cite web|url=http://news.theage.com.au/national/nsw-govt-dumps-plans-for-free-city-wifi-20080502-2a5t.html|title=NSW govt dumps plans for free city WiFi|work=The Age}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Portland, Oregon]], United States<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/siliconforest/2010/01/portland_set_to_dismantle_dona.html|title=Portland set to dismantle, donate abandoned Wi-Fi antennas|last=Rogoway|first=Mike|date=January 19, 2010|work=[[The Oregonian]]|accessdate=3 February 2010}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Puerto Montt, Chile]]
 
−
* [[Regional Municipality of Waterloo]], Canada - plans to create paid service to cover the entire Waterloo Region, specifically [[Kitchener, Ontario]], [[Waterloo, Ontario]], [[Cambridge, Ontario]] (The "Tri-City Area"), to be provided by Atria Networks, was scrapped in 2011 as Atria has been acquired by [[Rogers Communications]], no explanation was given.<ref>{{cite news|title=Blanket Wi-Fi plans unplugged in Waterloo Region and Guelph, but growing in Stratford  |url= http://www.therecord.com/news-story/2586282-blanket-wi-fi-plans-unplugged-in-waterloo-region-and-guelph-but-growing-in-stratford/ |work=Local |publisher=Waterloo Region Record |date=2011-07-21 |accessdate=2015-11-28}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Riverside, California]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riversideca.gov/it/FreeWi-fi/|title=Riverside, California - City of Arts & Innovation - Innovation and Technology|work=riversideca.gov}}</ref>
 
−
* [[San Francisco|San Francisco, California]], United States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/san-francisco-formally-ends-citywide/story.aspx?guid=%7BCCFE5024-4078-4969-B8B3-A977B076018D%7D|title=San Francisco formally ends citywide Wi-Fi effort|author=Ben Charny|work=MarketWatch}}</ref>
 
−
* [[Sydney, Australia]]<ref name="news.theage.com.au"/>
 
−
* [[Tempe, Arizona]] - paid service, Kite Networks<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tempe.gov/wifi/|title=City of Tempe, AZ : WiFi Terms of Service|work=tempe.gov}}</ref>
 
−
* Dubrovnik, Croatia - closed when the new mayor took over
 
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
−
* [[Community network]]
+
* [[BookCrossing]] - gift-giving community of books
−
* [[List of deployed WiMAX networks]]
+
* [[Deltiology]]
−
* [[Municipal broadband]]
+
* [[Gift economy]]
−
* [[Switched mesh]]
+
* [[QSL card]]
−
* [[Wireless community network]]
+
* [[Real photo postcard]]
−
 
 
−
== References ==
 
−
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
−
 
 
−
== External links ==
 
  
−
* {{HowStuffWorks|municipal-wifi|How Municipal WiFi Works}}
+
==References==
−
* [http://www.muniwireless.com/ MuniWireless]
+
{{reflist|30em}}
  
−
{{Internet access}}
+
==External links==
−
{{Telecommunications}}
+
* {{Official website}}
 +
* [http://forum.postcrossing.com Postcrossing Official Forum]
 +
* [http://www.postcross.in Russian community of postcrossing] {{ref-ru}}
 +
* [http://www.facebook.com/postcrossing/ Postcrossing Facebook Page]
 +
* [http://silvanacalabrese.blogspot.it/2014/09/la-cartolina-risorge-dalle-ceneri-con.html Article about Postcrossing appeared on "La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno" newspaper]
  
−
{{DEFAULTSORT:Municipal Wireless Network}}
+
[[Category:Internet object tracking]]
−
[[Category:Wireless Internet service providers]]
+
[[Category:Postcards]]
−
[[Category:Telecommunications lists]]
+
[[Category:Social networking services]]
−
[[Category:Internet access]]
 
−
[[Category:Wi-Fi]]
 
−
[[Category:Public utilities|Wifi]]
 

Revision as of 19:03, 9 December 2017

Template:Infobox Website

Postcrossing is an online project that allows its members to send and receive postcards from all over the world. The project's tag line is "send a postcard and receive a postcard back from a random person somewhere in the world!”[1] Its members, also known as postcrossers, send postcards to other members and receive postcards back from other random postcrossers. Where the postcards come from is always a surprise.

Postcrossing is the union of the words "postcard" and "crossing" and its origin "is loosely based on the Bookcrossing site".[2] However, the "crossing" or exchange of postcards works in a different way. A member sends a postcard to another postcrosser and receives a postcard back from a random postcrosser. Exchanges between the same two members only occur once; although direct swaps between members happen, they are not part of the official happenings on the site. The project is completely free and anyone with an address can create an account. However, the postcards themselves and postage fees to mail them are the responsibility of each user.

By June 2015 postcrossing had more than 554,570 members in 213 different countries[3] who had registered and exchanged over 30 million postcards that have traveled over 151 billion kilometers.[4]

The highest concentration of postcrossing members reside (in order) in the United States, Russia, China, Taiwan, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Finland, Belarus, Ukraine and Brazil.[5] Globally, most postcrossers reside in North America, Europe, and East Asia. Of particular note, postcrossing is popular in eastern European and former-Soviet states. As of January 2012, more than a quarter of the combined total of postcards were sent from Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine.[6]

How it works

The main idea is that if a member sends a postcard he or she will receive at least one postcard back from a random postcrosser somewhere in the world.

The first step is to request to send a postcard. The website will display, and send the member an e-mail with, the address of another postcrosser and a postcard ID (e.g.: US-787). The postcard ID uniquely identifies that postcard in the system. The member then mails a postcard to that postcrosser and writes the postcard ID on it. The postcrosser receives the postcard and registers it using the postcard ID that is on the postcard. At this point, the sender is eligible to receive a postcard from a different postcrosser.[7]

Initially each member can have up to 5 postcards traveling at any single time. Every time one of the sent postcards is registered, that postcrosser can request another address. The number of postcards allowed to travel at any single time goes up the more postcards a member sends and stops at 100.[8]

The postcrossing system allows for the same two members to exchange postcards only once. By default, members will exchange postcards with countries other than their own; however, the users can decide to exchange postcards with other users in his or her own country. Users are allowed to untick the "send to repeated countries" option in their profile, however this does not guarantee no repetitions.

A small percentage of mailed postcards get lost during their travels; others may arrive with the postcard ID unreadable and are difficult to register. There are also members who become inactive while postcards are on the way to them. The system behind the website accounts for all these factors and compensates active members by attempting to reduce the difference between the number of sent and received postcards of each member.

Users distribution

Last updated May 28, 2016.

Countries with most users [9]
Ranking Country Users
1. Template:RUS 76,440
2. Template:TWN 67,359
3. Template:CHN 58,313
4. Template:USA 57,976
5. Template:GER 45,094
6. Template:NLD 37,550
7. Template:POL 28,672
8. Template:BLR 25,130
9. Template:UKR 24,193
10. Template:FIN 19,326
11. Template:CZE 17,045
12. Template:GBR 13,088
13. Template:FRA 11,287
14. Template:CAN 8,674
15. Template:JPN 8,151
Countries with most sent postcards [9]
Ranking Country Sent postcards
1. Template:GER 4,876,247
2. Template:RUS 4,025,093
3. Template:USA 3,635,575
4. Template:NLD 3,206,159
5. Template:FIN 2,554,294
6. Template:BLR 1,683,814
7. Template:TWN 1,621,621
8. Template:CHN 1,608,770
9. Template:UKR 1,217,030
10. Template:POL 1,022,271
11. Template:CZE 822,018
12. Template:JPN 760,167
13. Template:GBR 704,825
14. Template:FRA 625,021
15. Template:CAN 576,306

History

The idea for the project was created by Paulo Magalhães, who started the site on July 14, 2005. The motivation was based on the fact that he liked to receive mail, especially postcards.[10] “The element of surprise of receiving postcards from different places in the world (many of which you’d probably never have heard of) can turn your mailbox into a box of surprises – and who wouldn’t like that?”[11]

The project started initially as a hobby for Magalhães, but its unexpected success revealed that the idea was more popular than he ever predicted. He initially hosted the project on an old computer housed in a clothes closet at his home; this setup quickly was shown to be insufficient. Based on word of mouth, the project quickly expanded over the Portuguese borders where the project was developed.

Over time the project received attention from the media which contributed to its growth and popularity. Postcrossing reached its first million exchanged postcards on April 11, 2008 and has since grown even more rapidly.[12] It reached the second million on February 26, 2009, with a postcard that traveled from Germany to Norway.[13] The third million was reached on September 24, 2009 with a postcard traveling from Finland to Slovenia.[14] The fourth million was reached on March 28, 2010 with a postcard traveling from the Czech Republic to the Netherlands.[15] The popularity of the site has led to the academic community exploring what makes postcrossing so successful and what other digital communication technologies can learn from that success.[16]

Postcrossing.com celebrated its five-year anniversary on July 14, 2010 with a photography contest for its members.[17] Shortly after celebrating their fifth birthday, Postcrossing.com reached 5,000,000 postcards received on August 24, 2010 with a postcard traveling from Isle of Man (registered under an Italian member) to Thailand.[18] The 7,000,000th postcard was sent on April 4, 2011 from China and received on April 19, 2011 in the Netherlands.[19] The 10,000,000th postcard travelled from Japan to Germany and was registered on January 27, 2012;[20] the 15,000,000th postcard travelled from Germany to Italy and was registered on December 31, 2012.[21] At the moment, 1,000,000 postcards are registered in about 2 months. In January 2017 the number of postcards passed 39 million.

Date Time (UTC) Million postcards From To
April 11, 2008 4:00 p.m. 1 Template:TUR Template:ROM
February 26, 2009 6:30 a.m. 2 Template:GER Template:NOR
September 24, 2009 4:10 p.m. 3 Template:FIN Template:SLO
March 28, 2010 11:20 a.m. 4 Template:CZE Template:NED
August 24, 2010 8:00 p.m. 5 Template:ITA Template:NOR
December 30, 2010 12:00 p.m. 6 Template:SPA Template:GER
April 19, 2011 7:00 p.m. 7 Template:CHN Template:NED
August 2, 2011 11:30 a.m. 8 Template:FIN Template:JPN
November 3, 2011 7:00 a.m. 9 Template:CHN Template:RUS
January 27, 2012 4:50 p.m. 10 Template:JPN Template:GER
April 3, 2012 9:10 p.m. 11 Template:USA Template:ISL
June 12, 2012 7:30 p.m. 12 Template:USA Template:NED
August 22, 2012 6:10 a.m. 13 Template:HKG Template:RUS
October 25, 2012 9:50 p.m. 14 Template:NED Template:HND
December 31, 2012 1:46 p.m. 15 Template:GER Template:ITA
March 4, 2013 8:21 a.m. 16 Template:UKR Template:RUS
May 1, 2013 0:21 a.m. 17 Template:RUS Template:AUS
July 3, 2013 5:53 a.m. 18 Template:FIN Template:TWN
September 2, 2013 3:08 a.m. 19 Template:UKR Template:GER
October 28, 2013 10:50 p.m. 20 Template:USA Template:TWN
December 23, 2013 21 Template:NED Template:ITA
February 17, 2014 22 Template:NED Template:POL
March 29, 2014 23 Template:GER Template:AUS[22][23]
May 31, 2014 24 Template:LAT Template:JAP[24][25]
August 10, 2014 11:02 a.m. 25 Template:NED Template:GER[26][27]
October 10, 2014 26[28]
June 2, 2015 30[29] Template:GER Template:POR[30]
February 13, 2017 6:39 a.m. 40 Template:TWN Template:FRA[31]

Postcrossing-themed stamps

File:Stamp of Russia 2015 No 1911 Postcrossing.jpg
I ❤ postcrossing. Russian Post, 2015
File:51-2013-12-11-m.jpg
Belarusian postcrossing-themed stamp

On October 11, 2011, PostNL released the first set of Dutch Postcrossing-themed stamps at the philatelic exhibition Postex in Apeldoorn.[32] The sheet of 10 stamps was designed by communication agency The Stone Twins, and depicted different types of postcards seemingly strewn about (as if scattered on a doormat).[33]

Finland was the second country to follow suit, with Itella launching their own stamps in honor of Postcrossing on September 9, 2013. Designed by Kokoro & Moi, the set includes 4 different first-class stamps.[34]

On January 2, 2014, Belposhta also launched their own Postcrossing-themed stamps in Belarus. The stamp was designed by Inga Turlo and features the words "Happy Postcrossing" in both English and Belarusian.[35]

On May 28, 2014, Guernsey Post launched a stamp designed by their marketing team, featuring the words Happy Postcrossing depicted over an outline of Guernsey with a smiley face, giving the "thumbs-up" to the hobby of Postcrossing.[36]

On January 27, 2015 the Russian Post issued a stamp designed by Olga Shushlebina. The stamp features the words “Я ❤ посткроссинг” (Russian: “I ❤ postcrossing”) and schematic pictures of world sights.[37]

See also

References

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  5. ↑ Postcrossing statistics page
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  16. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  17. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
  18. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
  19. ↑ Postcrossing post 7,000,000th card Template:Webarchive
  20. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
  21. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
  22. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
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  27. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
  28. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
  29. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
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  32. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
  33. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
  34. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
  35. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
  36. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
  37. ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}

External links

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